Of Mice And Men Essays (2424 words) - English-language Films, Films

Of Mice And Men Of Mice and Men The book that I have perused that has truly remained with me is Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I truly delighted in perusing it which is bizarre on the grounds that I normally detest perusing excessively. There was something in particular about George and Lennie's fellowship that truly made me think. Perceiving how they were and how they shared life was truly intriguing. George didn't need to waste time with Lennie, he could have surrendered him and gone on his own way. However, he didn't do that, he remained with Lennie looking out for him practically like a parent to a kid. Despite the fact that Lennie consistently got George in a difficult situation, George loved constantly him and consistently remained by him. The fellowship they shared went past what was not so much there they each mutual a fantasy and both realized they meant everything to one another. I felt that if these entirely unexpected individuals could get along and pay special mind to one another, for what reason w ouldn't we be able to coexist with individuals who are not the same as us. They caused me to understand that I could take in something from them on the most proficient method to treat individuals who are not the same as me. What I additionally preferred about it was the manner in which they tried constantly to arrive at their fantasy. This made me imagine that in the event that they could buckle down for their fantasy for what reason wouldn't i be able to ?! It gave me that it doesn't make a difference where you originate from or what you do, it is alright to dream and work as hard as possible to arrive at it. For all it appears for kinship and steadfastness it likewise shows how once in a while you need to do things you never figured you would do. For instance at long last when George is compelled to shoot Lennie in the head you could never have figured he would do that, yet you can see that considering the present situation he had no other decision. He just had two options: let th e others get to him first and watch them torment Lennie while he kicked the bucket a long awful demise or do it without anyone else's help and get it over rapidly where Lennie didn't have the foggiest idea what hit him. This is additionally evident throughout everyday life, ordinarily we are confronted with intense decisions and despite the fact that they might be the hardest you should experience, you realize that that is the main way. You go to the acknowledgment that all that you contemplated, would all be able to change with a squint of the eye. Every single morning when I wake up, I turn up, endeavor to do my hair impeccably, and afterward put on my uniform. Now,for a few people this might be a genuinely simple choice, yet for other people, it's a careful, mind-boggling,headache-causing thing that they are compelled to experience each day of their reality. Unfortunate for me, I happen to be the last mentioned. However, there are such huge numbers of choices that should be made by every single one of us consistently, and some are harder than others. Like the choice whether to slaughter your closest companion or to let another person do it. It might sound foolish, however that is the choice George is compelled to make toward the finish Of Mice and Men . Toward the finish of the book when Lennie is being scanned for, there are three decisions George had. He could flee with Lennie, do nothing and let the others slaughter Lennie, or murder Lennie himself. He decided to slaughter his closest companion, Lennie, himself and he sett led on the correct choice. On the off chance that George had disclosed to Lennie that they were going to flee when they met down in the brush, they might've had a little possibility of endurance. However, this possibility was made nearly non-existent by the way that they were being pursued by hounds and a lot of furious men with fired weapons. They never would've made it. What no doubt would've happened would be that both Lennie and George would've gotten shot since it would've seemed as though they were running since the two of them assisted with executing Curley's better half. There were no ties among Curley and anybody on the farm,

Writing a Critical Essay from wikihow free essay sample

Learning these procedures will assist you with going into scholastic discussions and addition lolls to think and convey in progressively significant manners. Stages 1. 1 Learn your paper point at the earliest opportunity to help plan your exploration. 2. 2 Find inquire about data from a wide assortment Of sources including diary articles, books, reference books, and news sources. Accumulate more data than you hope to really reference when composing your paper, yet dont assemble a lot of this can occupy from the primary concern and you will wind up laying it in your article out plainly for the explanation you looked into it.Do not use kipped for everything, and don't reorder people groups answers; regardless of what site you got it from, literary theft will be discovered. 3. 3 Skim through your sources to isolate the intriguing examination from the immaterial material. Fascinating exploration can be from books, York notes, and distributed basic papers on your particular subject. We will compose a custom paper test on Composing a Critical Essay from wikihow or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case dont investigate things that arent important IEEE. Inquiring about witches when your inquiry is on government 4. 4 Reread the pertinent material completely and fundamentally. 1 .Highlight, underline, or in any case mark any diary articles or books you own. Utilize distinctive shading post-it notes to guide your focus toward basic subtleties from library books. 2. Sum up or in any case comment on each source after youve read it. Note a couple of significant subtleties and the sources fundamental contention for future reference. 5. 5 Brainstorm a theory by checking on your notes and research. You may decide to work out an unpleasant proposition explanation or you may rather select to pose a basic inquiry that your paper will reply. 6. 6Sketch out a harsh presentation, perceiving that you might need to alter or revamp your presentation later. 7. 7 Develop an unpleasant blueprint dependent on your exploration notes. 1 . Distinguish a few significant areas for the body of your paper. These segments should comprise of the most significant bits of your contention. 2. Utilize your notes and research to fill in the subtleties of your segments. You may reorder basic subtleties or contentions into your layout. 8. 8 Identify the connection between your papers areas and quickly depict it n the edges of your diagram. . 9 Use this relationship to portray a harsh end.

How to Write the Mount Holyoke Supplement 2019-2020 TKG

How to Write the Mount Holyoke Supplement 2019-2020 Mount Holyoke is an all-women’s liberal arts college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. It is an all-women’s school, but it is not entirely female. Mount Holyoke embraces students who are cisgender women, trans, gender non-conforming, and non-binary who feel that an all-women’s educational environment is the best fit for them. The 2,208 undergraduate students are nearly equally spread among the humanities, social sciences, and STEM subject, and 89% of classes have less than 30 students. They are also test-optional, which means that they do not require you to submit SAT or ACT scores.  Like all other all-women’s schools, the acceptance rate at Mount Holyoke is higher than that of co-ed schools of the same academic caliber. The 52% acceptance rate at Mount Holyoke reflects the limited application pool (aka no men), not the level of excellence the school expects. We especially recommend all-women’s institutions to students who are looking to study at academically-rigorous and co mmunity-focused institution, but who do not have exceptionally strong test scores or grades.  This year, the Mount Holyoke supplement has remained the same in structure but not in content. Prompts two and three are new! This is also another case of a supplement being labeled as optional. Please do not let this delude you into thinking it is optional for you. It is not. Please respond to one of the three prompts below. Your essay should be between 250-400 words. Also include the number of the prompt you answer. 1. Tell us why you are interested in attending Mount Holyoke College.This is a standard “why us?” question with the added bonus of having a maximum word count that really lets you dig in. Most colleges cap questions like this at 250 words. You have up to 400! You don’t need to address the all-women’s aspect of Mount Holyoke first, but you do need to integrate it into your answer in a way that makes it clear that you 1. Know it is all-women’s, and 2. Are excited abo ut it. We recommend including an anecdote from your educational experience that emphasizes why you value an all-women’s educational environment. As you brainstorm, be sure to focus on positive stories that highlight the potential you see in an all-women’s environment. We have all had negative educational experiences, but this isn’t a good place to gripe about your current educational situation.  Once you have addressed the all-women’s aspect of Mount Holyoke, this is a pretty standard “why us?” essay. By standard, we mean that you should include the major you want to declare, a professor or two you’d like to work with, a few classes you’d like to take, and a minor you are interested in. If you have space (which you will), you should also reflect on the relationship between your major and your minor, and why it makes sense to pursue them together. This can require some creativity, but it is always possible. After all, if you like both of them, there must be a common thread. Finally, mention a tradition or two, and at least one extracurricular, that you are excited to take part in. 2. If you could be a superhero, what superpower would you have and how would you use it?If you choose this prompt, sit down with a pen and paper…or a note on your iPhone…and list all of the superpowers that you can think of. We aren’t going to command you to cross out all of the stereotypical ones, but we encourage you to try to come up with a few that aren’t ‘common’ (as common as a superpower can be). Consider this, when it comes time to answer this question, you have three possible routes you can take. You can go all the way into the realm of absurdism (for example, you want to have a superpower of vomiting candy so that you can always have candy). You can be very serious (for example, if you could hear anything and everything you would join the US military and use your skill to capture terrorists). Or you can find yourself somewhere in the middle. Whe re on the spectrum is best for you really matters on who you are. This is a prompt where, if you pick it, you need to be entirely true to yourself. Even if you pick a serious superpower, though, your answer for the second part of the question doesn’t need to be purely utilitarian. You can, and should, have fun. Sure, we’d love for your answer to be at least semi-related to your areas of academic interest, but we’d rather read an essay that has nothing to do with school than another one about how a student wishes they had the superpower of not needing to sleep just so that they could spend more time studying. 3. Tell us about a person, event, or moment that inspired you in a powerful way.We like this prompt but, before we dive into how you should approach it if you select it, we need to point out one major tripping point. It is very, very easy for this supplement to end up having nothing to do with you. We’ve seen countless students write about people and places and moments and leave themselves completely out of it. It is as if they momentarily forget that this is a supplement for their college application â€" not their grandmothers (P.S. Please don’t write about your grandmother. It’s overdone.). If you pick this prompt, you need to be in this essay even though you are writing about someone, or something, else. Before you start, you should also consider what ‘inspiration’ is and how you can write about it compellingly. An Olympic athlete may inspire you, but if you don’t have a personal relationship with the athlete that might not make for the most compelling story. Alternatively, there could be something that happened right across from your bus stop that made you stop in your tracks, and that you remember each time you walk by, that could qualify as an inspiring moment and be a more compelling story than writing about someone who you’ve never seen in real-life.  Whichever prompt you pick, remember that Mount Holyoke prioritizes strong-mi nded women who know what they want, have a plan for achieving it, and intend to help other people along the way.  Are you interested in an all-women’s education? Our team includes women who’ve excelled at top all-women’s institutions and who can guide you towards your successful future. Contact us to learn more about how we can help.

Taking a Look at Breast Cancer - 718 Words

In the Fall of 2011, Tina noticed that Elaine’s blouse was damp so she asked her sister what was wrong. Elaine tried to ignore it and changed the subject. But Tina was worried and took her to the emergency room where the E.R. doctor diagnosed her with Stage 4 breast cancer. Since Elaine rarely went to doctors or got any checkups, she suffered from a late detection of breast cancer due to her fear of doctors. While visiting my family in New York for winter vacation 2011, I noticed that Elaine’s weight was dropping and her clothes were not as secure as they once were. Elaine was having trouble performing simple tasks, such as walking. Seeing her like this put a lot of stress on her and my family. My family stressed and worried so long as we slowly witnessed her health deteriorate. The link to stress, The Stages of Breast Cancer, and the causes and ways to prevent Breast Cancer will be explained in this paper. Stress is a factor that may be associated with cancer. By measuring the amount of cortisol in blood or saliva. Cortisol is a steroid hormone released from the adrenal gland in response to signals from the brain. Normally the level is highest early in the morning and falls during the day, but is increased by food, fasting, exercise, or stress. Studies of breast cancer patients have shown that about two-thirds may have abnormal cortisol profiles and this group survive for significantly shorter times (3.2 versus 4.5 years) than those with normal cortisol profiles. The reasonShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1760 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Cancer Facts and Figures 2014 by the American Cancer Society, an estimated number of 232,670 women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and about 2,360 new cases are expected in men. Breast cancer will possibly cause death to more than 40,000 female patients and 400 male patients in 2014. Excluding skin can cer, breast cancer is the most common cancer that American women are diagnosed with. Additionally, breast cancer ranks second in the most deadly cancers among womenRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1758 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among females in the world. It is known for â€Å"have both a genetic and non-genetic etiology† (Milne et al., 2010). It involves a combination of several factors- such as â€Å"genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors†- that are unique to each individual (Nickels et al., 2013). This type of cancer is represented by a malignant tumor manifested in breast cells such as the line duct and line lobules cells, just to name a fewRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer955 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States, after lung cancer. Every year, millions of women over the age of 40 go in for a routine mammogram to help prevent terminal breast cancer by early prognosis. While some very fortunate women will never actually be diagnosed with this cancer, they still undergo this medical test routinely. However, for every eight women there is one th at will be diagnosed with some form of breast cancer in their life. It seems as thoughRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1052 Words   |  4 PagesNearly one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer at some point in her or his life (Breast Cancer Health Center, 2014). I am sure that almost everyone has been affected by breast cancer in one way or another, whether they had it or know someone who has had it. My mom’s aunt had breast cancer, as did my dad’s mother. My great-aunt luckily caught it early on and had it taken care of. Unfortunately, my grandmother caught it too late; it had spread all over her body and eventuallyRead MoreTaking a Look for Breast Cancer1083 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnose for breast cancer is a regular self-check for changes in the chest or breast area. On finding a lump or cyst under the skin, it is ideal to visit a GP for confirmation although; most lumps or cysts are normal or non-cancerous. On confirmation of the presence of breast cancer, a patient would be further examined to find out the stage of cancer and what treatments would be ideal for them. This further testing includes a variety of techniques used to scan a suspected breast cancer such as MammogramRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Serious Condition1553 Words   |  7 PagesDestiny Myers BBH 411W.004 Prof. Gyekis 2/18/16 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a serious condition and takes many people s lives each and every year. It accounts for at least 18.2% of cancer deaths worldwide.1 In society today, women are more focused on what appeals to men, rather than worrying about their own health. â€Å"If only women paid as much attention to their breast as men do† is promoted by National Breast Cancer Foundation. 2 The message that I took from this PSA is the notion that womenRead MoreBreast Cancer; Saving the Girls 959 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is the second most prominent cause of cancer deaths in women. About 1 in 8 American women living in the U.S. will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer sometime during the course of their life. About 39,620 of those women will die from it. â€Å"Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast divide and grow without their normal control† (Komen). There are two main types of breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma, the most common type which starts in the tubes that transport milk from the breastRead MoreBreast Cancer Prevention and Education Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"Breast cancer is the common disease of women in the United States, other than skin cancer.† After lung cancer, it is the leading secondary cause of cancer death in women. It helps to have some basic facts about the normal makeup of the breasts to understand breast cancer. In the past, this disease was one of the most feared forms of cancer due to its fatality rate and because complete recovery often required breast removal. The best way to fight this diseaseRead MoreThe Significance Of Breast Cancer1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a serious disease that takes place in the cells of the breast. It is detected in many things, such as finding a lump or a change in how the breast looks. It is important to know how breast cancer works and the many parts that contribute to the knowledge of the disease. Famous actress Angelina Jolie brought breast cancer into the spotlight when she decided to get a double mastectomy. In the article â€Å"The Angelina Effect† that came from Times magazineRead MoreBreast Cancer That Develops From Breast Tissue Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. Risk factors for developing breast cancer include: female sex, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause

Analysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare - 1269 Words

Jayson Kim ENG 352 Paper #2 Question #7 11/1/15 Fear of cuckoldry is widely known theme in medieval and Renaissance English literature. Fear of cuckoldry was also a widespread fear in English society during those eras. Men often treated their wives as possessions. Once men and women married, divorce was almost impossible, especially since it was almost impossible to prove that one had been cuckolded. If one were cuckolded and one’s wife had another man’s child, one might spend decades taking care of that child and passing on one’s money and belongings to that child without ever knowing that one had been deceived. Unmarried women are seen as their fathers property and the play s two marriages are marked by jealousy and cruelty. Most†¦show more content†¦Othello is a play that asks the reader to take a look at how women are viewed within society. Part of the fear of cuckoldry derives strongly from the play’s cultural influence. In the times of the play it was important for a woman to stay chast e which explains why one of the central issues in the play; adultery gives rise to anxiety on the part of Othello and also the female characters of the play. The Venetian and Cyprus societies has established through social conditioning of the sexual dominance of men. As it is often so in modern day society, men are positioned to be the initiator for an intimate relationship. Women who try to do so are often looked down upon and are reprimanded if they do not meet the ideal that befits a female of those times. An illustration of this particular type of act can be seen in the second setting of the play; the island of Cyprus. The reader will find in the first scene in Cyprus, Iago who most likely has the most hateful attitude towards women says to Desdemona and Emilia ‘You rise to play, and go to bed to work.’(Act 2.2.114). In this scene the reader sees that even royal daughters and wives are looked down upon as material objects and whores. The illustration of victimizatio n of women is strongly depicted through the lack of representation of women. The play carries only three main female characters; Desdemona, Emilia, and Blanca when comparing to the number of male characters.The removal of minor female characters in the play show

Martin Luther King s Civil Rights Movement - 1367 Words

In 1963 Birmingham, Alabama became a main focus for the civil rights movement. As a city, Birmingham had made its mark on the civil rights movement for years. The activities of Bull Conner and the bombed church which killed four school girls are only a few contributing occurrences that made Birmingham known to many Americans. The KKK thrived in the city and Martin Luther King described it as America’s worst city for racism. Everything was segregated, from businesses and churches to libraries. Blacks faced constant discrimination and the threat of violence. Civil Rights groups were inactive other than the SCLC, but many African Americans did not like like the leader and demonstrations were poorly attended. Martin Luther King was†¦show more content†¦Peter, the scene on Calvary, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, and even Jesus Christ to compare their actions to his own. By alluding such powerful figures, King is connecting the whole of America, making them real ize that they are committing the same crimes their ancestors committed against Jesus Christ. Kings analogies between the Apostle Paul leaving his village to carry the gospel to the four corners of the world, to himself carrying the gospel of freedom to others around the globe are effective to his argument because he correlates his teachings of civil rights to those of the Holy Gospel, impacting the religious leaders own beliefs. King’s letter is a rhetorical masterpiece. He uses ethos, logos, and pathos to change the clergymen’s opinions and persuades them that his ideas are logical and valid. King uses ethos to make himself appear superior to the clergymen, he establishes his authority from the beginning of the letter. King states that he serves as president of SCLC, including that the organization is operating in every Southern state, and has headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. King also creates himself the ethos of a spiritual leader by quoting religious leaders such as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas. He further develops this ethos by demonstrating his knowledge of the conditions of early Christian leaders, St. Paul in particular. In his letter, King makes himself appear caring, honest, and fair by expressing hisShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King Jr s The Civil Rights Movement Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesAs Dr. Martin Luther King Jr sit in a jail cell writing a letter to clergymen, there is civil unrest in the nation. In 1963, the Civil Rights Movement is well underway. Alabama is one of the most segregated states in the union and being in the Deep South, is prone to more racial injustices than others. Dr. King points out his feelings of telling his daughter she can’t go to a new place as it is whites only, the pain of his children and their unconscious feelings of being inferior while not understandingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement, By Martin Luther King s Assassination And The Poor People s March1522 Words    |  7 Pageshe African Civil rights movement is a period of time where sequences of events caused changes in attitudes and social operations, which spread across America and in turn also caused other sequences of events that proliferated their rebellion of the past attitudes. The movement rebelled against the overt racism that plagued ‘The Land of the Free,’ which has caused suffering for countless. This movement lasted roughly from the mid 1950’s to late 60’s, however there is no real definition of the startRead MoreMartin Luther King’s Quest for Equality1340 Words   |  5 PagesEquality Martin Luther King Jr. had a substantial impact on how the United States views civil rights. During his lifetime, Martin became highly educated and used his knowledge to help others in a positive way. King was not only an influential leader of the Civil Rights Movement, but also a catalyst and a leading figure of the 1960s. His leadership and practices still live on today, and the Civil Rights Movement wouldnt have been nearly as successful without his leadership and guidance. Dr. King pushedRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Impact On The Civil Rights Movement1030 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. was an American priest, activist, and important leader in the African-American Civil Rights movement. His main hope was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States, and he has become a human rights icon. King was a Baptist minister and activist. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its fir st president. King s efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered hisRead Moreâ€Å"I Am Happy To Join With You Today In What Will Go Down1420 Words   |  6 Pageswhat they believe is the right of freedom and equality of all people. A major leader, Martin Luther King Jr. was involved in the Civil Rights Movement during the 60s. King was influenced by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi. He wanted to seek equality for African Americans that were underprivileged and victims of injustice through peaceful protest. Prejudice matters, such as, slavery, freedom and rights, and education, still had historic moment. The Civil Rights Act was an important stepRead More Complexities of Dr. Martin Luther King Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr.’s impact on the civil rights movement was nothing short of monumental. To say anything less may be considered sacrilege in the history of the United States. King’s liberal and Christian upbringing, comfortable and educated childhood, and his theological education all played a large part in his contributions to civil rights in America. Perhaps one of his most sustained acts was his ability to represent the plight of African American rights while simultaneously portrayingRead MoreMartin Luther King Speech Analysis989 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr gave what could be considered one of the most well known and most influential speeches in the entirety of time. His words sparked change for an entire nation and was an enormous factor in contributing to the African American Civil Rights movement. During the time of Martin Luther King Jr’s speech, the country was in a great state of distress regarding equal rights and equal opportunity for people of color. Riots, protests, and chaos seemed to be taking over the country asRead MoreThe Fight for Freedom1312 Words   |  6 Pagesdid freedom for blacks come about? The Civil Rights Movement took place in the late 1950’s though the 1960’s, however; Tricia Andryszewski informs her readers that Black Americans had been working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a resultRead MoreMartin Luther King Qualities1327 Words   |  6 Pagesmade Martin Luther King to become a great leader in civil rights movement. Martin Luther King was a social activist and Baptist minister who led the civil rights movement from the mid-1950s to 1960s. According to the website called Martin Luther King Jr.-Biography, Martin Luther king was graduated from high school when he was fifteen. After getting his B. A. Degree from Morehouse, the B. D. from Crozer and then he got his doctor’s degree from Boston University. This shows that Martin Luther KingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The American Civil Movement958 Words   |  4 Pages The Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights Movement and other names, is a term that encompasses the strategies, groups, and social movements in the United States whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and to secure legal recognition and federal protection of the citizenship rights enumerated in the Constitution and federal law. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968

Service Operations - Hard Rock Hotel free essay sample

The company ensures that the d ©core and designs Of its facilities are Of quality standard, closely following a concert/Hollywood theme and, on top of that, company staffs are also well trained to be polite and friendly when attending to customers. Furthermore, the company greatly emphasizes on hon. ins good management skills, as it would help the company cope with fluctuations in demand and reduce loss of idle capacity. The criteria of evaluation for the service package include an assessment of the companys supporting facility, facilitating goods, information, and its explicit and implicit services provided.In a glimpse, HER Singapore embodies most of the distinctive qualities that it should possess. The hotel is primly located in the middle of Singapore resort hub. It provides a long range of facilitating goods and service that lives up to its well-established reputation. Some key recommendations for HER Singapore includes operating shuttle services between Changing Airport and Hard Rock Hotel, providing more accurate and up to date information, constructing a new concert venue in Singapore, implementing less stringent policies for staffs, and enhancing their attitudes towards work. These changes in the company will in time result in a teeter customer experience and keep the business updated with the latest trends and needs. Brief Introduction Hard Rock Hotel (HER) is an American brand of hospitality services; named after the birthplace of Rock Roll. HER Singapore is five-star hotel; its services are centered on creating a fun and enjoyable atmosphere, accompanied with an array of exuberant nightlife entertainment. The hotel plays homage to some of the greatest rock stars of the century, with artists such as Elvis Presley, The Rolling Stones and Jim Hendrix.Hard Rocks dedication to exceeding whatever expectation a customer might have is encapsulated in its motto, Love all. Serve all. The hotel aims to combine world-class services with rock and roll edge. Entertainment is of the utmost priority, which is reflected in the philosophy of the hotel to create a place where the party never ends, and no one has to go home. Established in 1971, Hard Rock has built up a reputable name on a global scale, with 16 hotels across multiple locations such as Singapore, Macaw, Thailand, and USA. Combined with its total of 1 75 locations in 55 countries, comprising of restaurants, casinos and live music venues, the Hard Rock name is very well recognized. HER is one of four hotels owned by Resorts World Santos, an Integrated Resort. Distinctive characteristics of a service operation by Hard Rock Customer Participation in the Service Customers play an active role in the service such as room bookings, checking in and checking out. The customers competence in specifying the type of room desired will determine the level of satisfaction received.Decoupling is being practiced via Internet hotel bookings, to increase consistency and productivity. As customers are participants in the service process and environment, management has to pay careful consideration into the facility sign of the compound including d ©core of the entire facility as it is will affect the overall user experience of the guests. The exterior of the building does not reflect on the companys concert, rock-star th eme because it has to keep in line with the theme of rest of the Resort World Santos, where all the hotels share similar exteriors. However, the interior, including the lobby and rooms are designed according to their concert concept and is fitted with modern and lounge furniture and fittings. Simultaneity Unlike in manufacturing, where firms can cushion fluctuations in demand tit inventory, service firms can only do so through waiting. The simultaneity of services, in turn eliminates opportunities for quality-control intervention. As such, staffs at Hard Rock are trained to provide professional customer service in a friendly and polite tone.During peak periods, when capacity is maximized, guests have to queue and wait in order to check in or out and use facilities such as the pools and breakfast. The number of check-in counters, number of rooms available, and use of idle time affects how long the customer will wait. Longer waiting generally diminishes the overall experience of guests. Permissibility HER has to determine the appropriate number of rooms to fully utilize its capacity. This is important as having too few rooms results in loss Of revenue due to overcapacity.Too many rooms results in idle capacity, and will make it difficult for Hard Rock to recover its costs for building them It is difficult to determine the optimal capacity, as demand varies widely at different time periods, with extreme disparities in traffic during holiday seasons and low seasons. Hard Rock has attempted to solve this problem by smoothing demand by lowering room rates to attract customers during the low season. Hard Rock does its best to provide a room for hotel guests, even if it means upgrading them to a more expensive room.They also work alongside the other hotels at Resorts World Santos (ROWS) and direct guests over to the other hotels. Similarly, in the event where other hotels are fully occupied, their guests may be transferred over to Hard Rock. This will help cope in the fluctuations in demand and reduce loss of idle capacity throughout all hotels under the Resort World Group. Intangibility Customers can only rely on the reputation of HER when choosing between hotels, via word of mouth from their friends or user reviews on websites such s Trapdoors.This issue is reduced by hotel ratings, and customers can choose the level of accommodation based on the prices they are willing to pay. Hard Rock has garnered a reputation for providing world-class amenities, top-tier service fused with its unique rock star style glamour and friendly, professional service staff. The brand is commonly associated with the rock and roll lifestyle and celebrities. Heterogeneity Heterogeneity refers to the combination of the intangibility of the nature of services, combined with the customer as participant results in variations of service from customer to customer.Variation is contributed by the numerous occasions whereby the customer is in direct c ontact with employees in the hotel, such as during check-in, check-out and when accessing Hard Rocks many facilities. Especially for Hard Rock, the customer comes into contact with large number of employees of the hotel. This is the reason why HER emphasizes good service so strongly, with many resources dedicated to staff training to ensure customer satisfaction.Evaluation of Hard Rock Hotels Service Package Supporting Facility Location The HER Singapore is situated within ROWS, and is surrounded by world-class correctional sites such as Adventure Cove Watermark and universal Studios Singapore. It is easily accessible through several modes of transport: public buses, trains, entrance from Vivacity Shopping Centre via cable car, monorail services located in Vivacity or a scenic travelogue route. Thus, the highly convenient location and proximity to high traffic areas like the shopping centre, Central Business District and airport attracts numerous customers.The presence of casinos also attracts gamblers to book rooms. Interior Decorating Containing furnishings motivated by the legends of rock, the h otel has strictures of rock legends from as early as the 1 sass, all along its hallways. The costumes and instruments of iconic pop legends can be found throughout the hotel. Rooms are fitted with themed d ©core, such as special lighting to make the bathrooms assimilate a rock stars dressing room and a symbolic guitar tray. Architectural Appropriateness Costumes that belonged to Elvis Presley and guitar that belonged to Jim Hendrix provide nostalgic memorabilia that graced the Rock and Roll era.The ever-infamous and unique giant electric guitars with the Hard Rock logo are prominent icons of the brand. Facility Layout Equipped with 30 function rooms, a 2,000-seated ballroom, a 24-hour Fitness Centre, and its spectacular outdoor man made beach pool provides Hard Rocks guests with an all-inclusive day of recreation and rejuvenation. Complemented by a beach volleyball court and exquisite cabanas, guests are provided with endless entertainment throughout their stay. Facilitating Goods Snack Bar and Amenities Each room is also fitted with its own Snack Bar and amenities. Amenities provided include complimentary toiletries, comfortable Simmons Cool Max beds and a television (42 inch LCD screen). However, Hard Rock has been known to be rather stingy with their amenities as guests often complain about the insufficient amount of towels, soap and shampoo available, even if extra are requested. Items taken from the snack bar will be charged at the end of the stay. Similar with other hotels, snack bar items are overpriced. This remains consistent to the premium pricing throughout the hotel including the room prices and the rest of Santos.Food and Beverage HER has its equally famous chain of cafes that boast a wide range of authentic American fare such as Burgers, pizza, pasta and sandwiches that vive up to its reputation. They also offer a few local delights to cater to local preferences. However, several customers on Trapdoors pointed out that the quality of the food is not consistent and occasionally the cafe © receives complaints that the food is not cooked up to standard. Although the meals are pricey (320-30 per person), Hard Rock Cafe © serves large portions of food to make up for it, thus providing a value-for-money meal.The Rock Shop The Rock Shop at the Hard Rock Cafe © sells quality memorabilia, apparel and accessories (T-shirts and hats) featuring the brands iconic logo. These shirts are collectibles and a must buy among visitors. They also have various product lines under certain collections featuring or even designed by iconic artists. Prices range from $24 for a shirt to about $1 30 for a jacket bearing the logo. Both food and products are consistent and stay true to the Cafe ©s global standards and reputation. However, during our trip to the HER, We noticed that despite it being the peak season, the Rock Shop was empty.Information Accurate HER provides customer with accurate information on the prices of the different hotel rooms during different time of the year. Prices of the rooms differ according to the booking dates thus the booking system allows customer to get the best prices at the time of booking. For example, rooms are sold at half price if it is booked 3-6 months prior to the date of stay. There is accurate and helpful information at the hotel lobby with signs to direct hotel guests to the different facilities.There is also accurate information of the timing of the complimentary shuttle service for hotel guests that wants to use it to avoid waiting time. Timely HER keeps customers updated on promotions available for hotel guests such s discounts or packages available. Hotel guests can easily find out from the website whether there are any current promotions that they can apply for. Example of the promotions are getting an additional day for free for a two day stay during certain periods of the year.HER comes up with various promotions so that hotel guests enjoy cheaper hotel prices and discounts when visiting Santos attractions like universal Studios. Moreover, their website even have promotions such as late check out for those that book through the website so as to drive traffic to room booking through their website. Useful The website provides useful information on the type of rooms available to let customer know more to enable customers to make an informed decision. It also provides customers with information about the different facilities and dining choices available.However, it does not tell customers the number of rooms available for booking on the date of choice, which may not compel the customer to make their bookings more quickly. Only through interviews with the staff did we discover that check in procedures require the minimum age for check in is 21 and above, which could potentially be an unpleasant experience for minors checking in. Explicit Service Well-trained service personnel Staff at HER are adequately trained and officially certified before they are allowed to begin serving and interacting with guests.Depending on the employees job scope, he/she would have to go through in-depth training in their specific areas of service. In order to further facilitate training of staff, Hard Rock has established Rock 101, a university focusing on the brands unique culture, identity and business philosophy. Comprehensiveness With the surfeit amenities and service that HER Singapore provides, the comprehensiveness of this establishment is endless. Check-in counters are quick and efficient without compromising the quality of service. The rooms are clean and maintained on a regular basis. Customers explicitly feel this, as many compliment the hotel on the cleanliness and comfort of their rooms. Rooms are also modernly designed with furnishing such as plush chairs, superlative bedding and ambient lighting. Consistency HER Singapore has been consistent in delivering the Hard Rock experience that is globally acclaimed. Since its establishment in 2010, it has received numerous awards including the Gold Award for Best 5 in Asia in the Category f Hospitality Asia Platinum Awards (HAP) Signature Deluxe Hotel, Trip Advisors Certificate of Excellence 2012 Winner as well as the winner for Travelers Choice 2012.Availability There is a wide availability of services in HER Singapore, catering to the needs of its patrons. From ATM machines, to souvenir shops (The Rock Shop) and a free map of ROWS, HER meets almost any demand by the customer. The website provides excellent information and should they require further assistance, be it general and corporate enquiries to matters regard ing reservations and ticketing, the website has e-mail addresses and hotelier to answer specific queries. Implicit Services Attitude of service The staffs in HER are generally well trained to be gracious and friendly to guests to ensure a positive service experience.The occasional staff that is not well trained could be attributed to high part-time employee turnover and the large number of service staff involved in the hotel. Atmosphere Hard Rocks dimly lit lobby, which plays only classic rock songs, replicates a concert-like environment and atmosphere of the setting Hard Rock is trying to recreate. The lobby may be too dim for the liking of some customers as it sakes it difficult to navigate the hotel and identify the reception. Waiting Guests that frequent ROWS, known as Platinum members, get to check-in at the express counter, a separate lane for members.Regular members have to queue at the check-in line, which is comparatively slower. Status The Hard Rock now is synonymous around the world, and is very well known for retaining the rock and roll feel of the ass in other countries, th is is also true for HER Singapore. Sense of well-being HER is extremely well established and the hotel itself is very large. Car parks, rooms and the immediate surroundings are well lit and protected to make guests feel at ease. Privacy and security Singapore is one of the safest countries in the world.The island itself is well protected, as is its surroundings. As for the hotel, rooms can only be unlocked by a magnetic card issued by the check-in counter. A negative point is that practically anyone can take the lift up to the rooms without needing any form of authentication like keywords. Convenience The proximity Of the hotel to the Universal Studios Monorail station ensures that the guest will have a pleasant experience entering the hotel without finding himself lost. RecommendationsThe hotel can provide free shuttle bus services to Changing Airport; as the hotel is situated on Santos Island, accessibility may pose as an inconvenience. Easing traveling to the airport will definitely improve Hard Rocks attractiveness, as its convenience will appeal to most international guests. Facilitating Goods Our team recommends that HER make their snack bar more affordable. As there is convenience stores located walking distance away from the hotel, hotel guest will be more inclined to purchase their snacks from these stores at a lower price, which may hinder Hrs profitability.If the products were to so excessively marked up, guest will be more willing to purchase from the snack bar despite the prices being higher than prices outside. The quality food at the Hard Rock Cafe © can more consistent to ensure resounding good reviews that will further bolster the cafe ©s reputation as well as the experience of the guest who visit the cafe © because most guest do so. The Rock shop should also begin exploring fresher designs to cater to the changing preferences of its young target audience. Although the iconic Hard Rock logo should be preserved as it memorabilia with the logo is seen as a novelty, the signs have remained relatively the same throughout the years and may not correspond with the preference of the young people today. Introducing fresher and possibly limited editions designs that would appeal more to young people nowadays while ensuring that the true essence Of the HER is maintained may improve the attractiveness of the memorabilia. This could potentially become a more stable income stream for the Hotel, and potentially grow popular enough to set up shops outside of the hotel.HER has provided many essential information on their website such as room rises and promotions that are relevant to hotel guests requirements. However, HER should consider providing more information on the check in procedures such as the minimum age for check in to avoid any disputes. HER should also provide information on the availability of rooms left for booking such that hotel guest s can make a more informed choice when comparing between different hotels and let the customers know when is their peak season so as to remind hotel guests to book early if they want to get a room during these periods.One recommendation could be providing the website with more pictures of he hotel facilities to give customers a more holistic idea of what each room may look like. With this, the number of bookings made through the website stand to increase, thus improving Hrs occupancy rates. While their website is already considered informative enough for many customers, a portion still feels that information on the facilities such as the Gym, the Swimming Pool and also the Rock Shop is lacking.Another recommendation to enhance the explicit services is to ensure the mattresses and furnishings in general are periodically replaced with new ones. This ensures that every guest is provided tit the highest standard of service upon patronizing the hotel. Implicit Service HER can attain high quality of service from its employees, therefore enhancing the attitude of the service. Proper training is essential, and managers have to be able to teach and impart knowledge to his subordinates.It is also extremely important to keep the service staff happy so as to reduce employee turnover to improve service and save on retraining staff. Furthermore, the hotel can implement less strict policies to improve the attitude. While many hotels restrict their staff from growing facial hair so as to attain a professional image, Hard Rock can allow their staff to do so. This aids in creating the perception that the staff too, are rock stars. This is just one suggestion of many to improve the implicit service to the benefit of the customer.An interview conducted with one of the employees working in Hard Rock revealed that several customers felt that the lighting in the lobby and hotel in general was too dim. This is parallel sentiment shared by some reviewers on Trapdoors. While Hard Rock has intentionally made the lighting dimmer to improve the atmosphere; and opinion on the dim lighting is fairly divided, it just find a compromise without making its customers unhappy. A possible solution is to make essential areas such as the check-in well lit, and other amenities such as the bar and rock shop can be catered to the style of Hard Rock.Recommendation of possible Variants HER should develop current business plans to further enhance the customer experience. Our team recommends that HER work in conjunction with the cafe develop a more effective delivery system to cater to takeout and room service orders. There are a large number of customers that do not mind paying a little more for the convenience of having food served at their rooster. HER can utilize the cafe © to add quality to convenience. They can also expand their services to include nearby residents in Santos Cove, where eateries are quite far away.Residents are generally wealthy which ensures that higher food prices due to such a delivery system will not be a problem. Next, the events management should increase efforts to host international musicians and bands in Hrs concert hall. In Singapore right now, most concerts are either held at Fort Canning or Esplanade. Being a Rock themed hotel, HER Singapore should utilize this namesake and build a good status in Singapore within the music scene. Presently, Singapore has a very keen and active music scene that follows new-age rock music including genres such as Indies, electronic, alternative rock.

Evolution and Revolution in the Hi-Fi Sector free essay sample

The amount re-ordered is enough to bring the stock level back up to 120 items after taking into consideration any outstanding orders from customers. The costs are as follows: Cost of placing an order? 60 Daily stock holding cost? 0. 75 Stock-out cost? 1. 50 per printer per day. Basic cost of printer? 75 The suppliers of Computer Accessories Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution and Revolution in the Hi-Fi Sector or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page operate the following discount system: Discount on Quantity OrderdBasic Price Less than 400% Between 40 and 607. 5% Between 60 and 8012. 5% Between 80 and 10015% Between 100 and12517. 5% Greater than 12520% The starting stock level is 100 printers. You are required to: (1)Analyse the current system as best you can using appropriate analytical stock control models. Where necessary and possible, make (and clearly state) assumptions in order to be able to apply existing models. (2)Build a simulation model to analyse the current stock control system for Mostpopcart cartridges, and recommend a new system which will provide a 95% service level. Your analysis should use simulation models to investigate, in particular, the re-order level, the re-order quantity, and the service provided by the suppliers of Computer Accessories Ltd. ith regard to the delivery times of Mostpopcart cartridges. (3)Compare and contrast the models and results from (1) and (2). Your analysis and recommendations must be presented in the form of a report of approximately 1,200 words for the attention of the Stores Manager. Note: The following will be taken into account when marking: Accuracy in formulae in Excel Comparison of results from tasks (1) and (2) Basic simulation model (representing the current policy) Use of advanced spreadsheet facilities General layout of spreadsheet/s Analysis of alternative scenarios (investigation of alternative policies in a systematic manner) Reasoned argument for recommendation Report Presentation. Submission Details One Excel file (containing all the models) and the report in Word must be submitted through BREO before 10. 00a. m. on Monday 14th May 2012. Note: You will see from the schedule that the three weeks after the Easter break have been set aside for working on the assignment. We will be happy to provide appropriate support to students who have made a reasonable attempt. Learning Outcomes Assessed 1Apply simple deterministic and stochastic models relating to, for example, stock control and queuing theory. Analyse the requirements of a problem, the data available, and the data requirements for particular techniques, and comment on the suitability of those techniques in the analysis and solution of the problem. 2Compare and contrast simulation modelling to other analytical modelling approachesFormulate a problem as a simulation and contrast this with one other relevant analytical modelling approach. Formulate and build an appropriate simulation model. Build a simulation model, make appropriate assumptions, collect relevant data, and validate and verify the model. 4Design experiments and use the simulation model to investigate alternative scenarios and propose policy alternatives. Design appropriate experiments, conduct statistical analysis of results, and propose policy alternatives. The following is a guide as to how your work will be marked: Analytic al Models (20%) |F |E |D (Range) |C (Range) |B (Range) |A (Range) | |Simulation Models (50%) |F |E |D (Range) |C (Range) |B (Range) |A (Range) | |Compare Contrast Results (30 %) |F |E |D (Range) |C (Range) |B (Range) |A (Range) |

Positive Psychology Themes Essay Example

Positive Psychology Themes Essay Example Positive Psychology Themes Essay Positive Psychology Themes Essay First attachments are first on the list of central themes and strategies of positive psychology. First attachments include nature, which is the inherent tendency to bond and then nuture, which is responsiveness to our caregivers. Three components contribute to attachment. These three components are closeness, caring and commitment. For both infants and adults close physical contact nourishes an emotional bond keeping a safe place with comfort and emotional support. Overtime this safe place becomes a grounding for security, giving constant consistent support making it easier to face everyday situations and challenges. These theories also help to promote the central themes and strategies of positive psychology. The Triangular Love Theory ( Robert Sternberg, 1988) features love organized in 3 categories. These categories are passion, intimacy, and commitment. These are the 3 major components of love. Passion reflects attraction, romance and sexual desire. Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, trust and innermost thoughts. Commitment is the decision to maintain a long term caring relationship. Sternbergs Triangular Love Theory scale provides insight into the nature of relationships. Hatfields 2 Factor Theory is another that interprets physiological arousal that happens in a romantic situation such as passion. The Model Michelangelo says our close relationships powerfully shape our well-being. Another theory is the minding theory. The minding theory states that certain types of perceptions and expectations are key to satisfying close relationships. Both people or partners must be committed to pursuing knowledge, acceptance and positive attributions for the relationship to survive. Both partners must continue to find out about one another, respect each others individuality and engage in positive attributions.

Historical Fires School Fire New London, TX Research Paper

Historical Fires School Fire New London, TX - Research Paper Example The question was raised that where did the ignition come from? It probably is believed to have accumulated from any of the laboratories or places where shop work was going on. This incident allowed authorities to criticize school’s construction. (USFA, 2011) The Incident The richest and most finest schools of the country United States were located in New London, Texas in 1937 on the northwestern side of Rusk County where the residents of this community were immensely proud of the magnificent, modernized, E-shaped, steel-framed school building located on the Eastern Texas oilfields. In the afternoon of March 18, 1937, 18 students were preparing for Inter-scholastic meet which was scheduled next day in Houston. The Parent Teacher Meetingmet at the gymnasium. The manual training coach, Mr. Lemmie R. Butler switched on a sanding machine which comprised of a combination of air and gas but was not known to him. As he turned on the switch, it gave an ignite to the mixture of air and gas and took the flame into an almost trapped space situated underneath the building up to fifty-six feet wide and 353 feet long.(Hilliard,2012) Soon after that, everyone noticed that the building actually rose into the air and subsequently crashed into the ground. All the walls of the building smashed. The roof of the building came out and so all the students and the teachers lie there dead in a huge corpus of steel, brick and concrete. The remains of the explosion were thrown almost to a distance of 200 concrete slabs where it destroyed Chevrolet 1936. Everyone living atleast 200 feet away from the building witnessed the explosion. After fifteen minutes of the incident, the news was covered by all Western Union lines and telephone lines as well. Bewildered, all the parents at the Parent Teacher Meeting hurried to the building of the devastated school. Roughnecks from the oilfields of Eastern Texas carrying their equipment of high-duty and residents of the community came rushing by . Texas Rangers as well as the highway patrol was sent for the rescue and assistance of the injured, wounded people by Governor James Allred in an hour of the incident. (Hilliard,2012) Medical supplies and doctors were called upon from nearby Scottish Rite Hospital for Disabled Children and Baylor Hospital from Dallas and from Wichita Falls, and Nacogdoches as well. Furthermore, United Army Air Corps were brought in from Barksdale Field which is located in Shreveport, Louisiana. All these helpers were aided by the deputy sheriffs from Henderson, Overton, and Kilgore. They were also assisted by the Boy Scouts, the Salvation Army, the American Legion, the American Red Cross, and also volunteers joined from Gulf Pipe Line, Humble Oil, the International-Great Northern Railroad and Sinclair. The debris was searched by workers who began looking for the sufferers. The rescue operation was continued till the night fall and for convenience, floodlights were put up in there. Soon after the in cident, almost after seventeen hours all the wounded people as well the wreckage was taken to some other place. Dedication ceremonies were cancelled at the Mother Francis Hospital to help the wounded. Twenty five embalmers were sent in by the Directors of Texas Funeral.(Hilliard,2012) Almost 298 people died in the incident out of the staff of forty teachers and 500 student body. Out of the 202 people left, there were about 130 students who did not receive fatal injury. Some student and teachers were in desperate

Financial cost Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial cost - Coursework Example Give at least five importance of financial planning to a business. Also, give specific examples how financial planning can be useful to Softwood limited.Financial planning helps in effective cash management in a business. When a financial plan is developed, it helps in keeping a tight rein on expenditures during the low revenue periods. Another importance of setting up a financial plan is that a long-range view is presented. The business is able to focus on the issues which on a daily basis must be dealt with accordingly. The financial plan allows the business owners see what expenditures need to be made in order to keep the company grow and stay ahead of its competitors. It also helps a business since spotting trends is an easy thing. This is because a financial plan involves setting quantifiable targets which can be compared to results that are real during the year. It enhances expenditure prioritizing by conserving financial resources hence making the business successful. Measurin g progress is also enhanced through the creation of a financial planning. Financial planning has helped Softwood Ltd control and manage cash flow in terms of revenue and expenditure. It has also helped in determining the current financial status and plan for future activities with respect to money. Its progress has been able to be measured due to financial plan availability.Information is data. The various factors that make information reliable are; accuracy, credibility, and flexibility.

History And Evolution Of RFID Technology Information Technology Essay

History And Evolution Of RFID Technology Information Technology Essay Chapter 1 Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is the fastest growing technology in the world today. RFID is an automatic identification method that can remotely retrieve data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. RFID in wireless communication has evolved to the great advancement of wireless technology. This introduction of RFID into the mobile communication field has made the world a smaller place to live in. The technology which enables the electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio frequency communications is RFID. RFID is also a subset of the broader area of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies. The advancement in different applications of RFID are emerging from current research ideas to concrete systems. RFID and mobile telecommunications are the services that provide information on objects equipped with an RFID tag over a telecommunication network. Tags are stationary and Readers are in mobile phone (mobile). RFID readers can simultaneously scan and also identify hundreds of tagged items. Diffusion of radio frequency identification (RFID) promises to enhance the added value of assistive technologies of mobile users. Visually impaired people may benefit from RFID- based applications that support users in maintaining spatial orientation through provision of information on where they are, and description of what lies in their surroundings. To investigate this issue, we have integrated our development for mobile device. With a complete support of RFID tag detection, and implemented an RFID enabled location-guide. The guide is an ecological guidance in mobile technology. This introduction of RFID into the mobile communication field has made the world a smaller place to live in. RFID is the base technology for ubiquitous network or computing and to be associated with other technologies such as telemetric, and sensors. The term RFID is used to describe various technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. RFID technology is similar to the bar code identification systems we see in retail stores every day. However one big difference between RFID and bar code technology is that RFID does not rely on the line-of-sight reading that bar code scanning requires to work. 2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW: The study of this project describes about the application of RFID in cinemas. The main study of the project is to check the authorized member or not enter the cinema using RFID application. We must check whether the person is authorized or not through RFID technology .In this project each person have one RFID card with the ticket when the person purchases the ticket so that person has right to enter the cinema .After entering the cinema the person can check the status whether it is screen1 or screen2 through RFID. Here RFID will read the data from card and compare data base and display the data. If the person is authorized means cinema(screen1 or 2) will open through door shepherd(stepper motor).Otherwise it will give message as this is not appropriate screen please check the other screen and it give a buzzer. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the project is to explore the application of RFID in wireless communications. The main objectives are to develop a new application using the existing applications of RFID. DELIVERABLES: CHAPTER 2 Definition: The technology which enables the electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio frequency communications is RFID. RFID is also a subset of the broader area of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies. RFID is an application of object connected data carrier technology with attributes that are complementary to other machine-readable data carrier technologies. RFID technologies provide strong potential for improving efficiency, productivity and/or competitiveness. RFID market increasing significantly, yielding lower costs and higher performance. RFID is about identifying and handling items Physical Materials Components and sub-assemblies Products Containers Physical carriers People Locations HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF RFID TECHNOLOGY: Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a technology that has existed for decades. At a simple level, it is a technology that involves tags that emit radio signals and devices called readers that pick up the signal. It was not until the 1980s that RFID applications began to appear in commercial applications, such as railroad freight car tagging, the tagging of cattle and rare dog breeds, key less entry systems and automatic highway toll collection. As there is improvement in the technology there has been reduction in the cost and size, and it has gained wide acceptance in warehouse management and manufacturing. First application to identify planes in world II using radar. 60s -Electronic article surveillance (EAS) used to identify whether an item has been paid or not using a 1 bit tag. 80s first automated toll payment systems. RFID has been used in mobile technology through which there had been a great advancement in this field. Korea is widely known that it has established one of the most robust mobile telecommunication networks. Korea has recognized the potential of RFID technology and has tried to converge with mobile phone. Convergence of three technologies: Radio frequency electronics: The research in the field of radio frequency electronics as applied to RFID was begun during World War 2 and continued through the 1970s. The RF electronics and antenna systems employed by RFID interrogators and tags have been made possible because of radio frequency electronic research and development. Information technology: The research in the field of information technology started in the mid 1970s and roughly continued through 1990s. interrogator and the host computer employ this technology. Networking of RFID systems and RFID interrogators has been made possible by research in this field. Material science: some of the breakthroughs in material science technology made the RFID tags cheaper to manufacture. By overcoming this cost barrier goes a long wayin making RFID technology commercially viable. Mile stones in RFID and speed of adoption: The development of RFID technology can be defined by the following time based summaries shown below: Pre- 1940s: Different scientists like faraday, Maxwell, hertz had yielded a complete set of laws of electromagnetic energy describing its nature. In the beginning of 1896 Watson, Baird and many others sought to apply these laws in radio communications and radars. So including RFID work done in this era form the building blocks upon which many technologies have been built. 1940s World war 2: Many advancements and improvements have been taken place during World War 2. Scientists and engineers continued their research increasingly in these areas. In 1948 Harry stockman published a paper on reflected power which is the closest thing to the birth of RFID technology. 1950s- Early exploration of RFID technology: Different technologies related to RFID were explored by researchers during 1950s. The US military began to implement early form of aircraft RFID technology called identification, Friend of Foe, or IFF. 1960s- Development of RFID theory and early field trials: RF Harrington did a lot of research in the field of electromagnetic theory and it is applied to the RFID. Passive data transmission techniques utilizing radar beams and interrogator- responder identification system introduced by Vogel man and J.P vindings. In the late 1960s sensormatic and checkpoints were founded to develop electronic article surveillance (EAS) equipment for anti-theft and security applications. These are 1-bit systems that mean these only detect in the presence of RFID tags rather than identifying them. Later EAS is the first widespread use of RFID. 1970s: Early adopter applications and an RFID explosion: There is a great deal of growth in RFID technology in 1970s based on the witnesses. All the academic institutions, companies and government laboratories are involved in RFID. In 1975 short range radio- telemetry for electronic identification using modulated backscatter was released. Big companies such as Raytheon, RCA started to develop electronic identification technology and by 1978 a passive microwave transponder is accomplished. Later the US federal administration convened a conference to explore the use of electronic identification technology in vehicles and transportation application too. By the end of the decade research in computers and information technology which is crucial to the development of RFID hosts, interrogators and networks has started as evidenced by the birth of PC and the ARPANET. 1980s- commercialization: This year brought about the first widespread commercial RFID systems. Personnel access systems, key less entry are some of the examples. In Norway the worlds first toll application was implemented and later in Dallas. In 1980s the implemented RFID systems were proprietary systems. So there is little competition in the RFID industry and that results in high cost and impeded industry growth. 1990s- RFID enters the main stream: In 1990 RFID finally started to enter the main stream of business and technology. In the middle of the year RFID toll systems operate at highway speeds. This means the drivers could pass through toll points un impeded by plazas or barriers. This results in the deployment of RFID toll systems in United States. TIRIS system was started by the Texas instruments which developed new RFID applications for dispensing fuel such as ski pass system and vehicle access systems. In the early 1990s the research in the information was well developed and evidenced by proliferation of PCs and internet. The materials technology advances and many of them related to semiconductor chip makers such as IBM, INTEL, MOTOROLA and AMD put cost effective tags on the horizon. At the end of the year large scale smart label tests had started. 2007 and Beyond: Item level tagging is implemented when there are no checkout scenario at large super markets. High value and high risk goods are the first to benefit from item level tagging. For example goods like pharmaceuticals and firearms. Smart shelves for select categories started to appear and smart appliances with embedded RFID technology come into the market place. OVERVIEW OF RFID TECHNOLOGY: Wireless radio communication technology is used by the RFID system to uniquely identify the people or tagged objects. RFID system consists of three basic core components RFID tag RFID Reader Controller TAG: Tag can also be called as transponder which consists of a semi conductor chip and sometimes a battery. The life time of a battery in a active tag is limited by the number of read operations and the amount of energy stored. http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rfid/rfid-1.gif READER: Reader can also be called as interrogator or a read/write device, which consists of antenna, an RF electronics module and a control electronics module. http://hackedgadgets.com/wp-content/RFID_Reader_preliminaryCons.jpg CONTROLLER: Controller can also be called as host which acts as a work station running data base and control which is often called as middle ware software. FUNCTION OF RFID TAG: Tag stores the data and transmits data to the interrogator. The electronic chip and antenna present in tag are combined in a package to form a usable tag as a packaging label fixed to a box. The chip contains memory where the data stored is read or written too in addition to other important circuitry. Tags are of two types Active tags Passive tags [RFID-tags.bmp] Active tags: Tags are said to be Active if they are having an on-board power source called battery. When the tag requires transmitting the data to the interrogator, tag uses the source to derive the power for the transmission. This is same as the mobile phone which uses a battery so that the information is transmitted over longer ranges and communicates with less powerful interrogators. These tags have large memories up to 128 Kbytes. The life time of battery in the active tag can last from two to seven years. Passive tags: Tags which contain no on-board power source are called passive tags. To transmit the data they will get the power from the signal sent by the interrogator. Passive tags are of low cost and typically smaller to produce than active tags. Differences between Active tags and Passive tags: Active tags are self powered where as Passive tags is not having their own power source. The maximum distance that the Passive tags generally operate is 3 meters or less where as Active tags can communicate with 100 meters are more away. Passive tags require more signal from the reader than the Active tag. Active tags are better suited than passive tags when the collection of tags needs to be simultaneously read. The reader talks first in the passive tag, the RFID tag is a server where as in the case of Active tags communications can be initiated by either the tag or the reader. FUNCTION OF RFID READER: RFID readers convert the returned radio waves from the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to controllers, which can make use of it. The RFID tags and readers should be tuned to the same frequency in order to communicate. 125KHZ frequency is most commonly used or supported by Reader. FUNCTION OF A CONTROLLER: The brains of any RFID system are RFID controllers. Controllers are used to network multiple RFID interrogators combined and to process the information centrally. In any network the controller should be a application software or workstation running data base. Controller uses the information gathered by the interrogators when new inventory is needed in retail application and alert the suppliers. FREQUENCY: Frequency of operation is the key consideration as the television broadcast in a VHF or a UHF band. RFID Frequency Table In RFID there are two types of bands low frequency and high radio frequency bands in use Low frequency RFID bands: Low frequency (LF): 125-134 kHz High frequency (HF): 13.56 MHz High frequency RFID bands: Ultra- high frequency (UHF): 860-960 MHz Microwave: 2.5GHz and above Frequency plays a prominent role because several characteristics of an RFID system are affected by the choice of frequency. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN RFID SYSTEM: The following are the characteristics of an RFID system: Read range Interference from other radio systems Data rate Antenna size and type Read range: For the lower frequency bands the read ranges of passive tags are not more than couple feet because of poor antenna gain. The electromagnetic wavelength is very high at lower frequencies. At high frequency there is increase in the read range especially where active tags are used. Here because of high frequency bands that leads to health concerns in human, most regulating bodies. So the range of these high frequency systems reduced from 10 to 30 feet on average in the case of passive tags. Interference from other radio systems: The fact is that LF frequencies do not experience path loss and the operating systems in the LF band are particularly vulnerable. The radio signals operating at same LF frequency will have high strength at the antenna of a RFID interrogator, which can translate into interference. Data rate: RFID systems have low data rate operating in the LF band. With frequency of operation there is increase in the data rate reaching the Mbit/s range at microwave frequencies. Antenna size and type: The size has to be made larger than UHF for the antennas of LF and HF systems to achieve comparable signal gain. Te type of antenna is decided by the frequency of operation. Loop type antennas are used at LF and HF and they are also called as inductive coupling and inductive antennas. Capacitive coupling is used at UHF and microwave frequencies and dipole type antennas are used. RFID SMART LABELS: The next generation of bar code is the RFID smart labels. Smart label is nothing but a RW transponder that has been incorporated in a printing packaging label. These smart labels are quick to read, easily applied, unconstructive, disposable and cheap. There are some measures by which RFID smart labels not stack up to bar codes such as technological maturity, price and ease of implementation. The benefits of smart labels over bar code systems started to outweigh the short comings and the cost of implementing smart label solutions a cost effective technology. SMART LABELS vs. BAR CODES: Bar coding system uses laser light as a data carrier where as RFID and smart labels uses radio waves to carry information. Bar code is referred as optimal technology and RFID is called radio frequency or RF technology. COMPARISION OF RFID TO BARCODES: Memory size/ Data storage: Bar codes hold only limited amount of data. It holds just a few bytes as data storage that is only 8 numerical characters. They are UPCE symbols. The data matrix of the bar code system permits the storage of 2000 ASCII characters on a two dimensional tag and these are these are used rarely. RFID tags can hold far more information. Here RFID tags made with smaller memories to hold a few bytes but the present technology puts the upper limit at 128K bytes. Read/write: once they are printed barcodes cannot be modified again therefore bar coding is called RO technology. RFID tags such as smart tags have a specified addressable, writable memory which can be modified thousand times over the life of the tag and this is why RFID technology is more powerful. CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION:- Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is the fastest growing technology in the world today. RFID is an automatic identification method that can remotely retrieve data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. This introduction of RFID into the mobile communication field has made the world a smaller place to live in. RFID readers can simultaneously scan and also identify hundreds of tagged items. Diffusion of radio frequency identification (RFID) promises to enhance the added value of assistive technologies of mobile users. Visually impaired people may benefit from RFID- based applications that support users in maintaining spatial orientation through provision of information on where they are, and description of what lies in their surroundings. To investigate this issue, we have integrated our development for mobile device. With a complete support of RFID tag detection, and implemented an RFID enabled location-guide. The guide is an ecological guidance in mobile technology. RFID is the base technology for ubiquitous network or computing and to be associated with other technologies such as telemetric, and sensors. The term RFID is used to describe various technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. RFID technology is similar to the bar code identification systems we see in retail stores every day. However one big difference between RFID and bar code technology is that RFID does not rely on the line-of-sight reading that bar code scanning requires to work. 2. BACKGROUND OF PROJECT: Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a technology that has existed for decades. At a simple level, it is a technology that involves tags that emit radio signals and devices called readers that pick up the signal. 80s first automated toll payment systems. RFID has been used in mobile technology through which there had been a great advancement in this field. Korea is widely known that it has established one of the most robust mobile telecommunication networks. Korea has recognized the potential of RFID technology and has tried to converge with mobile phone. 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this project is to explore the application of RFID in wireless communications using RFID tags, readers , the computer and the internet. The specific objectives include; Study of existing applications of RFID. Expanding the application of RFID in wireless communications. Using the internet to further enhance the employee management system. 4. RFID APPLICATION FIELDS: Transportation, materials management, and security and access control. Currently, there are a variety of other applications for RFID in agriculture, construction, and athletics. Major RFID application domains include monitoring physical parameter, such as temperature or acceleration during fragile or sensitive products delivery, monitoring product integrity from factory to retail locations, utilizes for home and office automation. Now a day we have passive or active inexpensive RFID that makes these kind of sensors practical for tourist applications. For example, a museum explosion can place tags attached to each point of interest so that tourists can receive information about explosion in the right moment at right place. 5. FUTURE OF RFID TECHNOLOGY: RFID is said by many in the industry to be the frontrunner technology for automatic identification and data collection. The biggest, as of yet unproven, benefit would ultimately be in the consumer goods supply chain where an RFID tag attached to a consumer product could be tracked from manufacturing to the retail store right to the consumers home.   Many see RFID as a technology in its infancy with an untapped potential. While we may talk of its existence and the amazing ways in which this technology can be put to use, until there are more standards set within the industry and the cost of RFID technology comes down we wont see RFID systems reaching near their full potential anytime soon and RFID is expected to be the base technology for ubiquitous network or computing and to be associated with other technology such as telemetric, and sensors. 6. CHALLENGES OF MY RESEARCH: To develop an application of RFID where there is less human attention and to prevent more fraud. Developing an RFID solution that can interoperate with emerging standards for communication protocols, hardware platforms, and software interfaces. Implementing an RFID solution that is cost effective, leverages their existing supply chain investments, and gives them clear a return on investment (ROI). Preparing for the vast amounts of data generated by RFID. 7. PROBLEMS WITH RFID: Problems are divided into two parts 1. Technical problems 2. Privacy and ethics problems 7.1 Technical problems: Problems with RFID Standards RFID systems can be easily disrupted RFID Reader Collision RFID Tag Collision 7.2 Security, privacy ethics problems: RFID tags are difficult to remove 8. RESEARCH METHODS Conducting of a detailed survey of the various existing applications of RFID and monitoring systems used in the locality: At this stage the study of applications of RFID is to develop a real time application. The study about this will also determine the workers and employer attitude towards the monitoring system being used. To conduct this research a questionnaire will be formulated and distributed to various organizations in the locality. 9. RFID READER AND TAG COMMUNICATION FLOW DIAGRAM: 10. DESIGN OF RFID MONITORING SYSTEM: The design solution for the employee monitoring system based on a selected land size of 500 meters by 500 meters with ten buildings, 3 of which are administrative, 3 are production centers, 2 are general purpose building, 1 is a mess and 1 is the car park area. The designer will determine the best places to install the RFID receivers. It is assumed that the workers will be carrying RFID tags in form of a card. When a worker enters the gate, the receiver at the gate takes his number, records it and stores this value in a database. The time of entering is also noted and entered in the database. When he/she goes to his area of work, say, the production area the receiver there takes his number and stores it plus the time he has entered. Based on all the data collected, the developed software produces a summary of the time and place the worker has visited in the firm. Visitors are also given special tags. 11. PREVIOUS WORK: RFID is a rapidly developing automatic wireless data collection technology. Firstly we have multi-bit functional passive RFID systems with the range of several meters. Recently it has experienced a tremendous growth due to developments in integrated circuits and radios and due to increased interest from the retail industrial and government. Key volume applications of RFID technology in markets such as access control sensors and metering applications, payment methods, document tracking. Previously they were using radars to warn off approaching planes while they were still miles away however it is impossible to distinguish enemy planes from allied ones and after that crude method is implemented by germans for identifying the planes. So with the increasing technology further research of RFID is done using RFID tags and readers which is similar to barcode. VARIOUS EXISTING APPLICATIONS OF RFID: The following are some of the applications of RFID: Vehicle anti theft system uses radio frequency identification system. Application of RFID technology on tires tracking. Application of RFID in automotives. Supply chain management uses RFID in retail industries. Mobile health care service system using RFID. Application of RFID in animal tracking. Application of RFID in asset tracking. BRIEF STUDY OF THE APPLICATIONS OF RFID: Vehicle anti theft system uses radio frequency identification system: As there are many car and light van thefts which are increasing alarmingly all around the world the new guide lines were implemented by the insurance companies, are being set for vehicle manufacturers to make their products secure. A new passive anti theft security system (PATS) is developed by ford registration and identification system (TIRIS) which is a radio frequency technology which meets the new requirements. Working: There is a tamper-proof link between the drivers key and the ignition system. This system is based upon the tamper-proof electronic link. Each key has a tiny transponder which electronically links it to a specific vehicle. The tag which can be called as a transponder contains a unique identification code that is accessed by the radio signal from a transceiver unit in the car whenever someone tries to start the vehicle. Unless there is a proper ignition key with a transponder present the engine will not start, even if the ignition key is broken or bypassed. This is based up on RFID technology which adds a new level of theft protection to vehicle security systems which does not require any effort from the drivers. .

The Actual Meaning of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke Essay example

The Actual Meaning of "My Papa's Waltz" by Theodore Roethke Poetry is made to express the feelings, thoughts, and emotions of the poet. The reader can interpret the poem however they see fit. Critics are undecided about the theme of Theodore Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz." Some people believe that the poem is one of a happy exchange between a father and son. The more convincing interpretation is that it has a hidden message of parental abuse. Careful analysis of the keywords and each individual stanza back up this theory of child abuse by a violent and drunken father. The word that is key to the poem is romp. Roethke states that "we romped until the pans / slid from the kitchen shelf" (5-6). The word is usually associated with happy, boisterous, and energetic running around or dancing. A second definition is rough, lively play. Alcohol would cause a person to act in such a harsh manner. In athletics, a romp is an easy victory over an easy opponent. This means one side is clearly superior and beats the competition with fury and ease. The father could be viewed as a dominating and overpowering force to a small child. The younger son could not possible fight back to his bigger father especially with the added influence of liquor. Further reading of the poem will back up that meaning of the poem is to illustrate parental abuse. The first stanza sets the scene with clear imagery. The father appears to be in a heavily drunken state because the son can smell the "whiskey on your breath" (1). The reader knows the drinking is excessive because it almost made the boy dizzy. Clearly, the father is in a heavenly drunken state because someone else is feeling the effects of his drinking. Critics will ague that the son was enjoying ... ... is a happy time between a father and his child. Through careful reading, that interpretation is not valid. In 1948, actions such as this may have been a part of life. Maybe that is why Roethke wrote the poem this way because the event was probably happening in many households and people then could identify with this. Because of the vivid imagery, the reader can feel the boy's pain and fear of his father. In this case, the waltz is not a bonding time between a father and his son. People now would identify with the son and find a hatred for the father because of the mental and physical toll this could have on a child. The father does his dance by "waltzing" all over his son. Works Cited Roethke, Theodore. "My Papa's Waltz." Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays. Ed. Hans P. Guth and Gabriel L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997, 536.

To what extent are writers also detectives in the novels you have studied?

The crime and the detective novel and their conventions have changed considerably over the last century. As societies have changed, these genres have adapted and branched out to meet the needs of writers attempting to express new concerns. Edgar Allen Poe's detective novel, The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) follows conventions we would now consider to be traditional in mystery writing. Bearing a close resemblance to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, we find a detective who relies on reasoning and deduction to solve a mystery that to all intensive purposes appears unsolvable; a locked room mystery such as Doyle's The Speckled Band (1892). In America, between the world wars, emerged the ‘hard-boiled' private eye novel, featuring tough private investigators, often themselves outcasts from society. Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett are examples of authors from this school of detective fiction. After the Second World War there was increasingly a feeling that literary fiction was an inadequate means of accurately describing the horrors of the modern world. ‘New journalism' emerged, a term coined by Tom Wolfe to describe non-fiction novels by authors such as Truman Capote. His true crime novel, In Cold Blood (1965) is one of the texts that will be examined in this essay. Later in the century literature became more preoccupied with issues of alienation as a result of city living and capitalist expansion. Postmodern concerns were expressed in detective metafiction, such a Paul Auster's New York Trilogy (1987). This novel will also be examined. Lastly, this essay will look at James Ellroy's My Dark Places (1996). Ellroy himself has described this as an â€Å"investigative autobiography†, but it also contains elements of the police procedural novel, which came into being in 1940's America. This sub-genre deals with the more detailed elements of police detection, in comparison to that of the private eye. The extent to which writers are also detectives in these three texts varies greatly. The fact that they are all very different in terms of the sub-genres of detective or crime fiction makes direct comparison difficult. Therefore this essay concentrates on each in turn, drawing together the main arguments in the conclusion. I have tried to give equal attention to each text, but the fact that each story in Paul Auster's New York Trilogy can stand alone as an individual piece of writing has made this difficult. In New York Trilogy, the distinction between writer and detective is particularly indistinct. This is complicated by the fact that Auster continually subverts the conventions of the detective genre that are expected by the reader. For instance, in a detective novel there is generally an expectation on the reader's part that a crime has been committed, and that the mystery surrounding this crime will be solved thereby restoring the social order. In the first story of the novel, City of Glass, no crime takes place. The central character, I will for now call Quinn (this term as I will later explain is also problematic), accepts a surveillance job, which only becomes a mystery when his employers, Virginia and the young Peter Stillman disappear. Rather than providing a solution to this mystery the novel instead throws up more questions and leaves the reader increasingly confused. It is with this central character, Quinn, that the distinction between writer and detective first becomes unclear. Quinn is an author of detective fiction. He has created the character Max Work, a private eye, under the pen name of William Wilson. At this stage Quinn has already to some extent become a detective. For Quinn the roles of, â€Å"the writer and detective are interchangeable†1. Both the writer and the detective must look out in to the world and search for thoughts or clues that will enable them to make sense of events. They must both be observant and aware of details. Quinn appears to exist only through the existence of Max Work, â€Å"If he lived now in the world at all, it was only at one remove, through the imaginary person of Max Work. â€Å"2. He even finds himself imagining what Max Work would have said to the stranger on the phone after receiving the first call. Perhaps this is why the next time he answers the phone to the stranger he finds himself taking on the identity of the unknown detective, Paul Auster. Surely this is not an action one would expect from the uncomfortable writer Quinn, but one that could be easily identified with the confident private eye Max Work. From this moment on, Quinn the writer has also taken on the physical duties of the detective. Adding to the complication, by taking on the identity of an unknown and apparently non-existent detective named Paul Auster, Quinn also takes on the identity of an existing writer Paul Auster, who agrees to cash the checks paid to Quinn by the Stillmans. At this point Quinn (as his name suggests3) has five identities. Three of these are writers and two are detectives. As a detective, Quinn finds that the thought processes in which he must engage are not dissimilar to those of a writer. As â€Å"Dupin says in Poe†¦ ‘An identification of the reasoner's intellect with that of his opponent'†4is necessary. In this case Stillman senior is the opponent. This is similar to the process in which Quinn must put himself in the fictional Max Work's place in order to determine what course of action he might take in order to make him appear realistic to the reader. In the second story of the trilogy, Ghosts, the reader is introduced to Blue, a professional rather than sham detective. A man named White hires him to watch a man called Black, and to make weekly reports on his movements. In contrast to the first story in which the writer becomes detective, in this we see the detective become writer. Faced with very little understanding of the case he has embarked upon, Blue finds himself making up stories in order to bring some meaning to the position he is in, â€Å"Murder plots, for instance, and kidnapping schemes for giant ransoms. As the days go on he realise there is no end to the stories he can tell. â€Å"5. Blue is hardly restricted in the number of theories he can advance because he possesses only a small number of facts they have to meet. The detective becomes a writer in his attempt to reconstruct a possible crime. This can be seen in any number of detective or crime novels, including In Cold Blood and My Dark Places. According to Peter Huhn in his article ‘The Detective as Reader: Narrativity and Reading Concepts in Detective Fiction', †¦ he text of the novel can be said to have two authors (at least): the criminal (who wrote the original mystery story [by committing the crime]) and the detective (who writes the reconstruction of the first story). As a detective, Blue has never previously had difficulty with writing reports. It is only when he sits down to write his first report on Black that he encounters a writers struggle to find a way of adequately expressing events. Before, action has always held â€Å"forth over interpretation†7 in his reports. As he feels pulled towards interpreting events he becomes more a writer than detective. In one report he even includes a completely fictitious observation, that he believes Black is ill and may die. The incident in the Algonquin Hotel, in which Blue approaches Black under the guise of a life insurance salesman named Snow, the reader is made aware that perhaps Black is also a private detective (unless he is lying). If we take this to be the case then it could be considered that Black the private detective is also a writer, in that his actions determine those of Blue. Blue must follow him wherever he goes, is trapped by Black's routine and so Black is, in effect, writing Blue's life. Conversely then, the same must be true for Blue. If Black really is a private detective, as Blue is, then Black must follow Blue, becoming trapped in his routine. Blue is therefore the writer of Black's life. In the third story, The Locked Room, the central character, an un-named author is a writer who turns detective in an attempt to locate his childhood friend Fanshawe. Until Fanshawe contacts the narrator in a letter, he has been presumed dead. Initially, the process of detection begins under a pretext of writing a biography of Fanshawe's life. As a writer of a biography, one is expected to stick to facts, as is a detective. However, as this biography would be written under the illusion that Fanshawe is dead it would actually in effect be a work of invention rather than accurate reconstruction. The narrator tells us, â€Å"The book was a work of fiction. Even though it was based on facts, it could tell nothing but lies. â€Å"8. Thus, in this story, the central character even through the process of detection remains, in essence, a writer. The extent to which writer is also detective in Truman Capote's In Cold Blood must be looked at in a very different way due to the type of crime novel it is. Tom Wolfe has as I have mentioned, described it as ‘New journalism'. Capote himself, however, distances his novel from this school of writing. He views his work as â€Å"creative journalism† as opposed to for instance, a â€Å"documentary novel†9. The distinction for Capote is that to be a good creative journalist a writer must have experience in writing fiction so that he has the necessary knowledge of fictional writing techniques. Writers trained in journalism for example would not possess the skills needed to write a creative journalistic piece, but are more suited to writing documentary novels. Capote's distinction is relevant to the question because it gives us an insight into the extent in which In Cold Blood was created as a compelling true crime novel, largely based on fact (by a writer), in comparison to the extent in which a crime and it's effects was accurately reconstructed and completely based on fact (as a detective would attempt to do). In order to determine the real extent to which Capote as author of this novel was also a detective a number of issues need to be addressed. To begin with the opinion that in researching and writing In Cold Blood Capote was in fact acting as a detective will be examined. The research Capote undertook in writing this non-fiction novel was indeed extremely thorough. He arrived in Holcomb in November 1959, the same month of the murders and a month before Dick Hickock and Perry Smith were arrested. He was therefore present during the time in which the initial police investigation was taking place. He conducted hundreds of interviews with residents of Holcomb, and other individuals who had come into contact with the two murderers. Some of these interviews, as he told George Plimpton in an interview for the New York Times in 1966, went on for three years. Capote also undertook â€Å"months of comparative research on murder, murderers, the criminal mentality,† as well as interviewing, â€Å"quite a number of murderers† in order to gain a perspective on Smith and Perry10. In his interviewing of Smith and Perry after their arrest, he acted to a great extent as a detective is expected to. As the men were kept apart following their arrest, Capote was able to cross-reference their interview answers in order to determine fact from fiction, â€Å"I would keep crossing their stories, and what correlated, what checked out identically, was the truth†11. In Cold Blood has been widely accepted as an extremely accurate portrayal of the Clutter murders and the following investigation. However, the opinion that In Cold Blood was as much a work of fiction as of fact needs to be considered. Within this novel there are several instances in which Capote could be said to have used artistic licence. The clearest example of this is the last scene of the novel in which Detective Alvin Dewey meets murdered Nancy Clutter's childhood friend at the graveyard in Holcomb, four years after the family's deaths, ‘And nice to have seen you, Sue. Good luck,' he called to her as she disappeared down the path, a pretty girl in a hurry, her smooth hair swinging, shining – just such a young woman as Nancy might have been. 12 We know this to be an utterly fictitious scene because, according to Dewey's biographer Gerald Clarke, Dewey never met Susan Kidwell until the executions of Smith and Hickock in 196513. According to Capote, however, the meeting at the graveyard took place the previous May, in 1964. In the novel, the reader also cannot escape a feeling that Capote is somewhat biased towards Perry Smith. As a writer, personal opinions and feelings are perfectly acceptable inclusions in a reconstruction, but as a detective they are not. Of course this bias may arise directly from Capote's observations of the two men, and of factual, psychological evidence. In which case this would be a fair assessment. However, it has been suggested by some that this bias arises from Capote's feelings for Perry Smith and the relationship they developed whilst Capote was conducting his research. Ned Rorem, referring to a dinner conversation with Truman Capote in 1963, said of Capote â€Å"he seemed clearly in love with him [Perry]. It must be remembered however that this is just speculation. In Cold Blood has also been seen as a polemic against capital punishment and the American justice system. By indicating in the novel that Perry Smith was in a â€Å"psychological cul-de-sac†15 at the time he committed the murders he insinuates that the death penalty was an unjust sentence. With regard to Capote's attack on the justice system, his criticism can clearly be seen in his account of the jury selection for the trial, The airport employee, a middle-aged man named N. L. Dunnan, said, when asked his opinion of capital punishment, ‘Ordinarily I'm against it. But in this case no' – a declaration which, to some who heard it, seemed clearly indicative of prejudice. Dunnan was nevertheless selected as a juror. 16 If this is indeed a polemic, it must be the case that opinions and facts in opposition to Capote's argument would have been left out. This would make him more writer than detective. He himself confessed that, I make my own comment by what I choose to tell and how I choose to tell it. It is true that an author is more in control of fictional characters because he do [sic] anything he wants with them as long as they stay credible. But in the nonfiction novel one can also manipulate. 17 Ellroy's My Dark Places is also a true crime novel containing, as I have mentioned, elements of autobiography and of the police procedural. Unlike In Cold Blood, in which the reader is aware of the culprits' identities from the beginning, it is more of a ‘whodunit' in that the reader does not know who the murderer is. Through the process of detection, and with the help of a homicide detective named Bill Stoner, Ellroy retraces the initial investigation into his mother's murder in the hope of finally solving it. As in New York Trilogy, however, the reader is denied the solution and restoration of order generally expected from (and often desired in) a detective novel. The novel is written in four parts, and the extent to which Ellroy is both writer and detective varies with each one. The first part, ‘The Redhead' is Ellroy's reconstruction of the original investigation. Although true crime, this section reads as a police procedural novel, involving meticulous detail of each piece of evidence and information collected at the time. Ellroy has had to take on the role of detective in this section in order to reconstruct events as they happened at the time, 1958, thirty-five years before his own investigation. Unlike a fictional police procedural, in which the reader expects at least a portion of the evidence to be significant in solving the case, in the end it proves to be useless. It is Ellroy's inclusion of this irrelevant information that increases the extent to which he is also detective. Rather than using it as a plot device, he has included it for the purposes of accuracy. This section is also largely devoid of emotion, regardless of the significance of the case to Ellroy. The title, ‘The Redhead' is an example of this emotional absence; it provides a superficial physical description of Ellroy's mother with no real clue as to her identity. Ellroy himself, as narrator, is absent. He appears only as a character in the drama, the murdered woman's son. Unlike the last section in the novel, Ellroy does not appear as a detective. The second part of the text, ‘The Kid in the Picture', is autobiographical. It traces Ellroy's personal involvement in crime, such as going on â€Å"righteous burglary†18 runs, and his development as a writer of crime fiction. In this section Ellroy is clearly writer rather than detective. This is made even more evident as he mentions novels written by him during this period, such as L. A. Confidential – which he describes as a novel â€Å"all about me and L. A. crime†19. The third part of the novel, ‘Stoner', introduces the reader to the detective Bill Stoner, the man who will eventually aid Ellroy in the search for his mother's killer. This section is a biography of Stoner's life and cases as a homicide and later as an unsolved crime detective. Ellroy himself is again absent from this section. As a writer he would had to have investigated the events in Stoner's life that are mentioned here. Thus, in writing this section Ellroy has had to, in effect, engage in detection. The other way in which Ellroy could be seen to also be a detective in this part is the language he employs. Much of the information we are given reads as would a police report. As Blue in New York Trilogy is accustomed to writing reports in which â€Å"action holds forth over interpretation†20, we see Ellroy writing in the same manner. This can be seen in the following extract, The Soto guys let her in. Karen verbally attacked John's common-law wife and ran out of the apartment. The wife chased her. They traded insults on the sidewalk until 2:00 in the morning. John Soto ran down. He made his wife go upstairs. The whole of this section is written in the same manner. In contrast to In Cold Blood there is no emotion or interpretation, only facts. For this reason, as Ellroy's novel also deals with true crime, it could be said that Ellroy is a detective to a greater extent than Capote because he sticks more rigidly to the facts. The fact that the reader finishes this novel with a sense of dissatisfaction (as the case is not solved) could also add credence to this idea. This is because as a self-consciously literary exercise, rather than accurate detection, In Cold Blood manages to create a sense of suspense even though the reader knows who has been killed and who committed the crime. Ellroy instead recounts facts as they were rather than attempting to satisfy readers' expectations. Conversely, if we are talking about conventional detective literature, we could say that Ellroy is less of a detective (in the traditional manner) for the very reason that he fails to solve the crime, thereby failing to restore social order. The final section, ‘Geneva Hilliker', is that in which Ellroy is most evidently a detective as well as writer. This section of the novel details Ellroy's own investigation. It follows his collation of evidence, false leads followed and the final (if unsatisfying) resolution to Ellroy's story. Even if the reader does not find out who killed Geneva Hilliker, they, as Ellroy does, find out about her and her life. For Ellroy this provides some closure, as we would expect from a crime novel. It is not conventional to the genre but does resolve some of the questions Ellroy hoped to answer when he embarked on the investigation, thus consolidating his position as detective (however temporarily). In each of these novels, writers have to a considerable extent also been detectives. It is difficult to determine whether this is truer in any of the texts than in the others due to the different ways in which this has been the case. In My Dark Places and In Cold Blood, the authors of the novels have also carried out acts of detection in the research carried out for those novels. In New York Trilogy we see characters that happen to be either writers or detectives exchanging these roles. It may be said that any author is to some extent a detective, whether they are researching a factual book, or writing a fictional novel in order to discover something about the world in which they live. As Quinn believes, â€Å"the writer and detective are interchangeable†21.