The Actual Meaning of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke Essay example

The Actual Meaning of "My Papa's Waltz" by Theodore Roethke Poetry is made to express the feelings, thoughts, and emotions of the poet. The reader can interpret the poem however they see fit. Critics are undecided about the theme of Theodore Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz." Some people believe that the poem is one of a happy exchange between a father and son. The more convincing interpretation is that it has a hidden message of parental abuse. Careful analysis of the keywords and each individual stanza back up this theory of child abuse by a violent and drunken father. The word that is key to the poem is romp. Roethke states that "we romped until the pans / slid from the kitchen shelf" (5-6). The word is usually associated with happy, boisterous, and energetic running around or dancing. A second definition is rough, lively play. Alcohol would cause a person to act in such a harsh manner. In athletics, a romp is an easy victory over an easy opponent. This means one side is clearly superior and beats the competition with fury and ease. The father could be viewed as a dominating and overpowering force to a small child. The younger son could not possible fight back to his bigger father especially with the added influence of liquor. Further reading of the poem will back up that meaning of the poem is to illustrate parental abuse. The first stanza sets the scene with clear imagery. The father appears to be in a heavily drunken state because the son can smell the "whiskey on your breath" (1). The reader knows the drinking is excessive because it almost made the boy dizzy. Clearly, the father is in a heavenly drunken state because someone else is feeling the effects of his drinking. Critics will ague that the son was enjoying ... ... is a happy time between a father and his child. Through careful reading, that interpretation is not valid. In 1948, actions such as this may have been a part of life. Maybe that is why Roethke wrote the poem this way because the event was probably happening in many households and people then could identify with this. Because of the vivid imagery, the reader can feel the boy's pain and fear of his father. In this case, the waltz is not a bonding time between a father and his son. People now would identify with the son and find a hatred for the father because of the mental and physical toll this could have on a child. The father does his dance by "waltzing" all over his son. Works Cited Roethke, Theodore. "My Papa's Waltz." Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays. Ed. Hans P. Guth and Gabriel L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997, 536.

To what extent are writers also detectives in the novels you have studied?

The crime and the detective novel and their conventions have changed considerably over the last century. As societies have changed, these genres have adapted and branched out to meet the needs of writers attempting to express new concerns. Edgar Allen Poe's detective novel, The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) follows conventions we would now consider to be traditional in mystery writing. Bearing a close resemblance to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, we find a detective who relies on reasoning and deduction to solve a mystery that to all intensive purposes appears unsolvable; a locked room mystery such as Doyle's The Speckled Band (1892). In America, between the world wars, emerged the ‘hard-boiled' private eye novel, featuring tough private investigators, often themselves outcasts from society. Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett are examples of authors from this school of detective fiction. After the Second World War there was increasingly a feeling that literary fiction was an inadequate means of accurately describing the horrors of the modern world. ‘New journalism' emerged, a term coined by Tom Wolfe to describe non-fiction novels by authors such as Truman Capote. His true crime novel, In Cold Blood (1965) is one of the texts that will be examined in this essay. Later in the century literature became more preoccupied with issues of alienation as a result of city living and capitalist expansion. Postmodern concerns were expressed in detective metafiction, such a Paul Auster's New York Trilogy (1987). This novel will also be examined. Lastly, this essay will look at James Ellroy's My Dark Places (1996). Ellroy himself has described this as an â€Å"investigative autobiography†, but it also contains elements of the police procedural novel, which came into being in 1940's America. This sub-genre deals with the more detailed elements of police detection, in comparison to that of the private eye. The extent to which writers are also detectives in these three texts varies greatly. The fact that they are all very different in terms of the sub-genres of detective or crime fiction makes direct comparison difficult. Therefore this essay concentrates on each in turn, drawing together the main arguments in the conclusion. I have tried to give equal attention to each text, but the fact that each story in Paul Auster's New York Trilogy can stand alone as an individual piece of writing has made this difficult. In New York Trilogy, the distinction between writer and detective is particularly indistinct. This is complicated by the fact that Auster continually subverts the conventions of the detective genre that are expected by the reader. For instance, in a detective novel there is generally an expectation on the reader's part that a crime has been committed, and that the mystery surrounding this crime will be solved thereby restoring the social order. In the first story of the novel, City of Glass, no crime takes place. The central character, I will for now call Quinn (this term as I will later explain is also problematic), accepts a surveillance job, which only becomes a mystery when his employers, Virginia and the young Peter Stillman disappear. Rather than providing a solution to this mystery the novel instead throws up more questions and leaves the reader increasingly confused. It is with this central character, Quinn, that the distinction between writer and detective first becomes unclear. Quinn is an author of detective fiction. He has created the character Max Work, a private eye, under the pen name of William Wilson. At this stage Quinn has already to some extent become a detective. For Quinn the roles of, â€Å"the writer and detective are interchangeable†1. Both the writer and the detective must look out in to the world and search for thoughts or clues that will enable them to make sense of events. They must both be observant and aware of details. Quinn appears to exist only through the existence of Max Work, â€Å"If he lived now in the world at all, it was only at one remove, through the imaginary person of Max Work. â€Å"2. He even finds himself imagining what Max Work would have said to the stranger on the phone after receiving the first call. Perhaps this is why the next time he answers the phone to the stranger he finds himself taking on the identity of the unknown detective, Paul Auster. Surely this is not an action one would expect from the uncomfortable writer Quinn, but one that could be easily identified with the confident private eye Max Work. From this moment on, Quinn the writer has also taken on the physical duties of the detective. Adding to the complication, by taking on the identity of an unknown and apparently non-existent detective named Paul Auster, Quinn also takes on the identity of an existing writer Paul Auster, who agrees to cash the checks paid to Quinn by the Stillmans. At this point Quinn (as his name suggests3) has five identities. Three of these are writers and two are detectives. As a detective, Quinn finds that the thought processes in which he must engage are not dissimilar to those of a writer. As â€Å"Dupin says in Poe†¦ ‘An identification of the reasoner's intellect with that of his opponent'†4is necessary. In this case Stillman senior is the opponent. This is similar to the process in which Quinn must put himself in the fictional Max Work's place in order to determine what course of action he might take in order to make him appear realistic to the reader. In the second story of the trilogy, Ghosts, the reader is introduced to Blue, a professional rather than sham detective. A man named White hires him to watch a man called Black, and to make weekly reports on his movements. In contrast to the first story in which the writer becomes detective, in this we see the detective become writer. Faced with very little understanding of the case he has embarked upon, Blue finds himself making up stories in order to bring some meaning to the position he is in, â€Å"Murder plots, for instance, and kidnapping schemes for giant ransoms. As the days go on he realise there is no end to the stories he can tell. â€Å"5. Blue is hardly restricted in the number of theories he can advance because he possesses only a small number of facts they have to meet. The detective becomes a writer in his attempt to reconstruct a possible crime. This can be seen in any number of detective or crime novels, including In Cold Blood and My Dark Places. According to Peter Huhn in his article ‘The Detective as Reader: Narrativity and Reading Concepts in Detective Fiction', †¦ he text of the novel can be said to have two authors (at least): the criminal (who wrote the original mystery story [by committing the crime]) and the detective (who writes the reconstruction of the first story). As a detective, Blue has never previously had difficulty with writing reports. It is only when he sits down to write his first report on Black that he encounters a writers struggle to find a way of adequately expressing events. Before, action has always held â€Å"forth over interpretation†7 in his reports. As he feels pulled towards interpreting events he becomes more a writer than detective. In one report he even includes a completely fictitious observation, that he believes Black is ill and may die. The incident in the Algonquin Hotel, in which Blue approaches Black under the guise of a life insurance salesman named Snow, the reader is made aware that perhaps Black is also a private detective (unless he is lying). If we take this to be the case then it could be considered that Black the private detective is also a writer, in that his actions determine those of Blue. Blue must follow him wherever he goes, is trapped by Black's routine and so Black is, in effect, writing Blue's life. Conversely then, the same must be true for Blue. If Black really is a private detective, as Blue is, then Black must follow Blue, becoming trapped in his routine. Blue is therefore the writer of Black's life. In the third story, The Locked Room, the central character, an un-named author is a writer who turns detective in an attempt to locate his childhood friend Fanshawe. Until Fanshawe contacts the narrator in a letter, he has been presumed dead. Initially, the process of detection begins under a pretext of writing a biography of Fanshawe's life. As a writer of a biography, one is expected to stick to facts, as is a detective. However, as this biography would be written under the illusion that Fanshawe is dead it would actually in effect be a work of invention rather than accurate reconstruction. The narrator tells us, â€Å"The book was a work of fiction. Even though it was based on facts, it could tell nothing but lies. â€Å"8. Thus, in this story, the central character even through the process of detection remains, in essence, a writer. The extent to which writer is also detective in Truman Capote's In Cold Blood must be looked at in a very different way due to the type of crime novel it is. Tom Wolfe has as I have mentioned, described it as ‘New journalism'. Capote himself, however, distances his novel from this school of writing. He views his work as â€Å"creative journalism† as opposed to for instance, a â€Å"documentary novel†9. The distinction for Capote is that to be a good creative journalist a writer must have experience in writing fiction so that he has the necessary knowledge of fictional writing techniques. Writers trained in journalism for example would not possess the skills needed to write a creative journalistic piece, but are more suited to writing documentary novels. Capote's distinction is relevant to the question because it gives us an insight into the extent in which In Cold Blood was created as a compelling true crime novel, largely based on fact (by a writer), in comparison to the extent in which a crime and it's effects was accurately reconstructed and completely based on fact (as a detective would attempt to do). In order to determine the real extent to which Capote as author of this novel was also a detective a number of issues need to be addressed. To begin with the opinion that in researching and writing In Cold Blood Capote was in fact acting as a detective will be examined. The research Capote undertook in writing this non-fiction novel was indeed extremely thorough. He arrived in Holcomb in November 1959, the same month of the murders and a month before Dick Hickock and Perry Smith were arrested. He was therefore present during the time in which the initial police investigation was taking place. He conducted hundreds of interviews with residents of Holcomb, and other individuals who had come into contact with the two murderers. Some of these interviews, as he told George Plimpton in an interview for the New York Times in 1966, went on for three years. Capote also undertook â€Å"months of comparative research on murder, murderers, the criminal mentality,† as well as interviewing, â€Å"quite a number of murderers† in order to gain a perspective on Smith and Perry10. In his interviewing of Smith and Perry after their arrest, he acted to a great extent as a detective is expected to. As the men were kept apart following their arrest, Capote was able to cross-reference their interview answers in order to determine fact from fiction, â€Å"I would keep crossing their stories, and what correlated, what checked out identically, was the truth†11. In Cold Blood has been widely accepted as an extremely accurate portrayal of the Clutter murders and the following investigation. However, the opinion that In Cold Blood was as much a work of fiction as of fact needs to be considered. Within this novel there are several instances in which Capote could be said to have used artistic licence. The clearest example of this is the last scene of the novel in which Detective Alvin Dewey meets murdered Nancy Clutter's childhood friend at the graveyard in Holcomb, four years after the family's deaths, ‘And nice to have seen you, Sue. Good luck,' he called to her as she disappeared down the path, a pretty girl in a hurry, her smooth hair swinging, shining – just such a young woman as Nancy might have been. 12 We know this to be an utterly fictitious scene because, according to Dewey's biographer Gerald Clarke, Dewey never met Susan Kidwell until the executions of Smith and Hickock in 196513. According to Capote, however, the meeting at the graveyard took place the previous May, in 1964. In the novel, the reader also cannot escape a feeling that Capote is somewhat biased towards Perry Smith. As a writer, personal opinions and feelings are perfectly acceptable inclusions in a reconstruction, but as a detective they are not. Of course this bias may arise directly from Capote's observations of the two men, and of factual, psychological evidence. In which case this would be a fair assessment. However, it has been suggested by some that this bias arises from Capote's feelings for Perry Smith and the relationship they developed whilst Capote was conducting his research. Ned Rorem, referring to a dinner conversation with Truman Capote in 1963, said of Capote â€Å"he seemed clearly in love with him [Perry]. It must be remembered however that this is just speculation. In Cold Blood has also been seen as a polemic against capital punishment and the American justice system. By indicating in the novel that Perry Smith was in a â€Å"psychological cul-de-sac†15 at the time he committed the murders he insinuates that the death penalty was an unjust sentence. With regard to Capote's attack on the justice system, his criticism can clearly be seen in his account of the jury selection for the trial, The airport employee, a middle-aged man named N. L. Dunnan, said, when asked his opinion of capital punishment, ‘Ordinarily I'm against it. But in this case no' – a declaration which, to some who heard it, seemed clearly indicative of prejudice. Dunnan was nevertheless selected as a juror. 16 If this is indeed a polemic, it must be the case that opinions and facts in opposition to Capote's argument would have been left out. This would make him more writer than detective. He himself confessed that, I make my own comment by what I choose to tell and how I choose to tell it. It is true that an author is more in control of fictional characters because he do [sic] anything he wants with them as long as they stay credible. But in the nonfiction novel one can also manipulate. 17 Ellroy's My Dark Places is also a true crime novel containing, as I have mentioned, elements of autobiography and of the police procedural. Unlike In Cold Blood, in which the reader is aware of the culprits' identities from the beginning, it is more of a ‘whodunit' in that the reader does not know who the murderer is. Through the process of detection, and with the help of a homicide detective named Bill Stoner, Ellroy retraces the initial investigation into his mother's murder in the hope of finally solving it. As in New York Trilogy, however, the reader is denied the solution and restoration of order generally expected from (and often desired in) a detective novel. The novel is written in four parts, and the extent to which Ellroy is both writer and detective varies with each one. The first part, ‘The Redhead' is Ellroy's reconstruction of the original investigation. Although true crime, this section reads as a police procedural novel, involving meticulous detail of each piece of evidence and information collected at the time. Ellroy has had to take on the role of detective in this section in order to reconstruct events as they happened at the time, 1958, thirty-five years before his own investigation. Unlike a fictional police procedural, in which the reader expects at least a portion of the evidence to be significant in solving the case, in the end it proves to be useless. It is Ellroy's inclusion of this irrelevant information that increases the extent to which he is also detective. Rather than using it as a plot device, he has included it for the purposes of accuracy. This section is also largely devoid of emotion, regardless of the significance of the case to Ellroy. The title, ‘The Redhead' is an example of this emotional absence; it provides a superficial physical description of Ellroy's mother with no real clue as to her identity. Ellroy himself, as narrator, is absent. He appears only as a character in the drama, the murdered woman's son. Unlike the last section in the novel, Ellroy does not appear as a detective. The second part of the text, ‘The Kid in the Picture', is autobiographical. It traces Ellroy's personal involvement in crime, such as going on â€Å"righteous burglary†18 runs, and his development as a writer of crime fiction. In this section Ellroy is clearly writer rather than detective. This is made even more evident as he mentions novels written by him during this period, such as L. A. Confidential – which he describes as a novel â€Å"all about me and L. A. crime†19. The third part of the novel, ‘Stoner', introduces the reader to the detective Bill Stoner, the man who will eventually aid Ellroy in the search for his mother's killer. This section is a biography of Stoner's life and cases as a homicide and later as an unsolved crime detective. Ellroy himself is again absent from this section. As a writer he would had to have investigated the events in Stoner's life that are mentioned here. Thus, in writing this section Ellroy has had to, in effect, engage in detection. The other way in which Ellroy could be seen to also be a detective in this part is the language he employs. Much of the information we are given reads as would a police report. As Blue in New York Trilogy is accustomed to writing reports in which â€Å"action holds forth over interpretation†20, we see Ellroy writing in the same manner. This can be seen in the following extract, The Soto guys let her in. Karen verbally attacked John's common-law wife and ran out of the apartment. The wife chased her. They traded insults on the sidewalk until 2:00 in the morning. John Soto ran down. He made his wife go upstairs. The whole of this section is written in the same manner. In contrast to In Cold Blood there is no emotion or interpretation, only facts. For this reason, as Ellroy's novel also deals with true crime, it could be said that Ellroy is a detective to a greater extent than Capote because he sticks more rigidly to the facts. The fact that the reader finishes this novel with a sense of dissatisfaction (as the case is not solved) could also add credence to this idea. This is because as a self-consciously literary exercise, rather than accurate detection, In Cold Blood manages to create a sense of suspense even though the reader knows who has been killed and who committed the crime. Ellroy instead recounts facts as they were rather than attempting to satisfy readers' expectations. Conversely, if we are talking about conventional detective literature, we could say that Ellroy is less of a detective (in the traditional manner) for the very reason that he fails to solve the crime, thereby failing to restore social order. The final section, ‘Geneva Hilliker', is that in which Ellroy is most evidently a detective as well as writer. This section of the novel details Ellroy's own investigation. It follows his collation of evidence, false leads followed and the final (if unsatisfying) resolution to Ellroy's story. Even if the reader does not find out who killed Geneva Hilliker, they, as Ellroy does, find out about her and her life. For Ellroy this provides some closure, as we would expect from a crime novel. It is not conventional to the genre but does resolve some of the questions Ellroy hoped to answer when he embarked on the investigation, thus consolidating his position as detective (however temporarily). In each of these novels, writers have to a considerable extent also been detectives. It is difficult to determine whether this is truer in any of the texts than in the others due to the different ways in which this has been the case. In My Dark Places and In Cold Blood, the authors of the novels have also carried out acts of detection in the research carried out for those novels. In New York Trilogy we see characters that happen to be either writers or detectives exchanging these roles. It may be said that any author is to some extent a detective, whether they are researching a factual book, or writing a fictional novel in order to discover something about the world in which they live. As Quinn believes, â€Å"the writer and detective are interchangeable†21.

Essay on Parenting Styles - 1718 Words

Reflection Paper. Mr. and Mrs. Harsh ­Heart believe in the importance of stern discipline and impose strict rules that they expect their children to obey without question. They penalize behavior harshly, frequently with spanking. Mr. and Mrs. Easygoing do not use punishment to enforce their rules and believe in natural consequences teaching lessons and setting limits on behavior. They have regular family meetings with their children to discuss household rules and their importance to the family dynamics. These styles of parenting have their advantages and disadvantages. There are ethical and unethical issues when it comes to discipline with punishment styles as well. The advantages and disadvantages of The Harsh ­Heart family can†¦show more content†¦The children can become rebellious, if the parents are just strict but do not allow much or high expectations or do not guide their children, the children may not learn right from wrong themselves. The child may simply just behave when parents are around. Some strict parents are not open to ideas and forget to communicate with their children. Which give their children communication problems. The child will feel less confident and more insecure. The feelings of the child won’t be expressed because he may believe his feelings will be criticized or punished. The children will need someone to confide in and the parent may not be available for this role. â€Å"Studies of Spanish and Brazilian adolescents have reported that teens from authoritarian homes had lower self ­esteem than did teens from authoritative or permissive families (Martinez and Garcia 2007Í ¾ Martinez and Garcia 2008).† Secrets and lies manifest within the relationship between the child and parent. When children are under the pressure of strict rules, they learn how to avoid punishment through lies and deceit. This leads to lying about places they are going and friends they hang out with and also activities they do. Sometimes the child in a strict household does not learn to make responsible situations because the decision was always made for them. This can lead to dangerous outcomes and wrongfulShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles And Styles Of Parenting1391 Words   |  6 Pages Parenting Styles My term paper will discuss the 4 Styles of Parenting, including; the styles of parenting that we as single parents and couple parents may identify with. My paper will also discuss how each parenting styles impacts our children, if it works and the style of parenting that’s most effective. Authoritative Parenting Style The Authoritative Style of Parenting, children are expected to follow the rules and guidelines that a parent with this style of parenting has put into place. ThisRead MoreParenting Styles : An Effective Parenting Style988 Words   |  4 PagesParenting style can influence whether a child succeeds or merely survives. 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The Baumrid study and other further studies identified four main styles of parenting (Miller, 2010): the authoritative parenting style was characterized by fair rules and consequences; The Authoritarian parenting style was characterized by strict rules and harsh punishment; the permissive parenting style was characterized by minimal rules with little or no consequences; the uninvolved parenting style was characterized by no rules, and parentRead MoreEssay on Parenting Styles1213 Words   |  5 PagesParenting Paper Diane Baumrind’s typology has two major dimensions. The first dimension is responsiveness. In the text it mentions that responsiveness â€Å"refers to the extent in which parents respond to and meet the needs of their children.† (Knox 364). This is when parents support, encourage, and foster their children’s needs. The second dimension is demandingness which is â€Å"the matter in which parents place demands on children in regard to expectations and discipline.† (Knox 364). 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Effects Of Poverty On Human Development - 771 Words

Poverty can be defined in a variety of ways. However, it is certain that there is no definite definition alone that would equally suffice to be the meaning of poverty everywhere in the world. Poverty is something real and something that should not be ignored. To define poverty, we shall take in consideration its impact on human development as well as other factors, such as financial stability. Poverty should be defined not only by how it is measured but by how it co-exists with a delay or an impact on childhood and human development. The effect of poverty on human development include: arising health issues that are due to food deprivation and lack of health care, physical health risks, mental problems, scarce education, poor†¦show more content†¦Often, due to various factors, but mostly because of health issues the poor have a lower life expectancy. Moreover, the physical health risks are increased greatly the longer a child stays in poverty. â€Å"Physical health risks associated with childhood poverty include,† as Dearing and Wade state, â€Å"elevated blood lead levels, chronic illness, and growth retardation.† For example, I would say that those who have less access to materialistic things are prone to exposure of lead. Lead can be found in toys, soil, pottery, and even in herbal remedies. In the case where medications are scarce, herbal remedies would be more convenient and exposure to lead would be more susceptible. As far as illnesses, diseases that are seen in poverty areas can include malaria, tuberculosis, AIDs, etc. Those diseases are less often seen in developed countries due to studies and having vaccinations readily available. Not only are physical health risks associated with poverty, but also, there are mental problems seen in correlation. Poor children, â€Å"have both internalizing (depression) and externalizing (aggression) behavior problems.† (Dearing Wade). Poverty affects a child’s mental stability. It causes stress which can lead to mixed emotions furthering complications of depression and aggression. Depression and aggression can overpowerShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On Human Development1240 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"sustained development goal† is zero hunger. Most of us cannot imagine finishing our day without a meal, but for a very huge population in the world, being hungry is part of everyday life. Hunger leads to malnutrition and it has long term irreversible effect on brain development. Hungry and malnourished child performs poorly academically and cannot achieve its full potential. Poor brain development and academic performance leads to poverty. Hungry population cannot escape poverty. 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Corporate Social Responsibility A Company s...

LITERATURE REVIEW Corporate Social Responsibility can be defined as a company’s responsibility to ensure ethical business behavior, contribution to the economic development of a country, improve the lifestyle of its own workforce and their family members, betterment of local community and overall society. It is some small amount of cost done by the company which effect can’t be seen in the present but in long term it promotes positive image for the company. Successful CSR program can take a company beyond government regulation and legislation. It is a sustainable program which a company can easily run with its other activities. It mainly defines areas of concerns and initiatives which can improve the relationship of customers, shareholders, suppliers, competitors and other stakeholders with the company.CSR helps to achieve organization’s objectives and guide a company toward what the company stands for and how it satisfy its consumers. CSR can also define in three words that are P eople, Planet and Profit. People represent fair labor practice and betterment of the community where it operates. Planet represent environment friendly business practice and last of all Profit refers to organization’s economic value created after deduction of all the costs from the revenue including capital costs. Now a day CSR is regarded as a tool for building brand equity through customer loyalty based on distinctive ethical values. CSR is also criticized by some critics. According to theirShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility : A Company s Sense Of Responsibility734 Words   |  3 PagesBusinessDictionary.com (n.d.), defines corporate social responsibility (CSR) as â€Å"a company’s sense of responsibility towards the community and environment, both ecological and social, in which it operates† (para. 1). 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Workability of Rent Control to an Economy

Question: Discuss about the Workability of Rent Control to an Economy. Answer: Introduction Rent regulation by the government is a strategy of improving the affordability of houses on an economy. The landlords are pricing their rents at a very high prices which is making it very costly. This has greatly increased the costs of living. Houses especially near urban areas are too expensive for the low income people (E.H, 2015); to avoid this inequality caused, the government is opting to regulate the prices charged by landlords. However, it is not clear whether this implementation would succeed in supporting the intended goal of the government. This research will try to come up with a clear insight of what may happen after such an implementation is put in place. The two parties involved in this case are the landlords and the tenants. The paper will also identify the losing party and the party that will benefit from this policy. It will also be determined whether it is worthwhile for the government to go ahead and implement the policy, or rather to do away with it. The prices for houses new large cities are soaring resulting in the medium and small income people being pushed out of the market as shown in fig 1 below. Whereas the prices have risen greatly on cities, it has also gone up in other dwelling places as shown in fig 2 below. In order to ensure that everyone could survive in this area without much income squeeze, the government is implementing a cap on the maximum rent that a tenant could be charged by a landlord (Munger, 2012). Higher prices means that the current equilibrium price is very high. The highest proportion of Australia population live is a housing stress as shown in fig 3 below. Thus, the imposition of such a cap is on a price lower than the equilibrium price (Merritt, 2017). This make the demand for apartments to increase. Why? When the prices were initially higher, most people could not afford the rent and thus avoided the areas rent; however, a reduction in prices could draw in some other households who can now avoid at the lower prices. In economics, suppliers are not willing to supply more at lower prices, therefore, after such a price cap impose, the supply is expected to remain the same as no other investors could be attracted by the lower prices (Block, 2008). When supply remain constant as the demand rises, a situation of an excess demand is created in an economy. The higher initial equilibrium price Pe and quantity Qe is unaffordable. The cap is set at Pc causing the quantity supplied to be Qc. However, the demand at price Pc is higher at Q2 creating an excess demand. The cap increases consumer surplus, reduces producer surplus and creates a deadweight loss (Taylor, 2006). The automatic mechanism of supply and demand is hindered by the cap. Thus, a clearing equilibrium cannot be achieved (Block, 2008). One fact is that, the landlords are profit maximizers; this is the reason why an imposition of a rent cap causes the prices of houses in the said area to charge similar prices. The landlords aim is to maximize wealth by charging the highest price possible; the cap in this case is the highest price possible. Since the construction of houses differ in quality, charging a common price way be detrimental to the housing quality as the landlords may cat their costs of maintenance (Tucker, 2008). Investors could avoid building very expensive and spacious houses since this would not attract a better rent than would be the case is the cap was not imposed. The excess demand would cause a shortage of supply in the housing market and landlords may use this as an advantage to practice the black-market business. This is where the landlords would hold their houses empty whereas there are people willing to pay the cap rent. They do this so as to get some people who are willing to give some extra compensation above the cap rent. Pareek (2017) argued that this explains why there are waiting lists on the acquisition of houses. This makes the house haunting a big hassle. Some may advertise vacancies but there after decline to accept while others decline immediately. The extra money is payable in secret and is made separately from the stated rent so that this couldnt be known by anyone to avoid facing regulatory charges by the government. The losing party here are the landlords especially those who had constructed very expensive and spacious houses with an intent to charge higher prices. The winning party are meant to be the tenants since they are made able to afford houses in better areas at a lower price. However, this comes with an increased costs of house hunting. The new investors to this industry may construct apartments that are of lower quality and less spacious as a strategy to cope with the low rent prices. A rent cap according to Block (2008) is the worst policy as it diverts investment away from the housing sector. Conclusion A rent cap imposition by the government do not only affect the owners of the apartment, it also increase the apartment hunting on the tenants side. The main goal of the rent cap was to assist those with the limited budgets to afford houses, however they goal can be said to have failed since only those who can afford a compensation above the fixed rent could be able to get the houses freely. This implementation causes additional problems on the housing issues and it needs other policy actions to make it work effectively. Alone it may result in an increased cost on the side of the government since it requires monitoring to ensure that the policy is observed. With excess demand prevailing, the lower cap rent could not be sustainable in the future. Recommendations The cap rent imposition may be effective if the government would create an initiative to help the residents of the area with the capped rent to understand their rights to rent houses at the stated price and to report any landlord who requests for anything above the set price. Also, the government should also fixed the standard quality of the apartments to prevent the investors from distorting the quality as a strategy to survive under lower rental prices. Otherwise, the government should completely avoid such a rental cap implementation. References AHURI. (2017). Consumer choice, welfare reform and housing assistance. [Online] Available at: https://www.ahuri.edu.au/policy/welfare-reform [Accessed 21 Apr. 2017]. Block, W. (2008). Rent Control: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Rental Control. [Online] Econlib.org. Available at: https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/RentControl.html [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. E.H, (2015). Do rent controls work? [Online] Economist.com. Available at: https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/08/economist-explains-19 [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Kusher, C. (2017). Deteriorating housing affordability in Sydney and Melbourne due to both demand and supply. [Online] Propertyupdate.com.au. Available at: https://propertyupdate.com.au/deteriorating-housing-affordability-in-sydney-and-melbourne-due-to-both-demand-and-supply/ [Accessed 21 Apr. 2017]. Merritt, C. (2017). Explanation of the Difference between a Price Floor a Price Ceiling. [Online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/explanation-difference-between-price-floor-price-ceiling-69422.html [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Munger, M. (2012). Price Controls, Price Ceilings, and Price Floors: Supplementary resources for college economics textbooks on Price Controls, Price Ceilings, and Price Floors. [Online] Econlib.org. Available at: https://www.econlib.org/library/Topics/College/pricecontrols.html [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Pareek, A. (2017). Living Economics: Rent Ceiling. [Online] Livingeconomics.org. Available at: https://livingeconomics.org/article.asp?docId=122 [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Taylor, B. (2006). Price Ceilings. [Online] Economics.fundamentalfinance.com. Available at: https://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/price-ceiling.php [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Tucker, I. (2008). Survey of economics. 6th ed. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning, pp.74-76.

Racine Carree by Stromae free essay sample

Belgian hip-hop artist Paul Van Haver, widely known as Stromae, performed at Manhattan’s terminal 5 on September 20th. The exhilarating performer attracted a full audience of fans–American, French, Belgian and even German! Since most of his lyrics are in French, many Americans could find the show quite unusual, although exciting indeed! Stromae’s music is profound and passionate– sentimental lyrics about cancer, society today, and mostly Stromae’s harsh childhood. With his astonishing talent, he is able to incorporate his gloomy and meaningful lyrics with an uplifting and rhythmic African beat. In the background of each of his performances, there projected an animated portrayal of the lyrics in the song. Sometimes there were even simulations of multiple Stromae characters, dancing in synchronization with the live performer. Stromae is not only a dancer and singer, but also an actor. With his spindly body movements, exaggerated gestures and facial ex pressions, Stromae was mesmerizing to watch on stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Racine Carree by Stromae or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He had specific personas and costumes for certain songs, including acting drunk in Formidable, and playing the role of both the man and woman fighting during â€Å"Tous les memes†(all the same). His movements flowed with the music, and with them he recreated the scenes from his music videos. In â€Å"Papaoutai†(papa where are you), Stromae’s most renown hit, he dressed up as a boy (just as he did in the music video) to represent loss of his father, who died in the Rwandan genocide, during his childhood and how it impacted him. It is a really powerful pop song compared to what is usually played on the radio, and the whole album Racine Carree (Square Root), is certainly unique. The energy at the concert was ecstatic. The vibe was dynamic and clap-friendly. Stromae’s music was able to speak the voice of the frustrated teenager generation. Although, most of his songs incorporated topics such as love, sex, money and party culture, he communicates through beats , a way for everyone (ages 6 and up!) to understand and become a part of. Personally, the highlight was at the end of the show when Stromae was able to silence the audience of 3,000 fans completely and perform a spectacular acappella piece of his song Tous les Memes. Stromae is definitely one of my favorite artists at the moment, and after this unforgettable show I am convinced that he will become successful in the United States throughout his tour of North America.